Lithium production by thermohaline mixing in low-mass, low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch stars

We examine the effects of thermohaline mixing on the composition of the envelopes of low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We have evolved models of 1, 1.5 and 2 MQ and of metallicity Z = 10^- from the pre-main sequence to the end of the thermal pulsing asymptotic giant branch with thermohaline mixing applied throughout the simulations. We find that the small amount of He that remains after the first giant branch is enough to drive thermohaline mixing on the AGB and that the mixing is most efficient in the early thermal pulses, with the efficiency dropping from pulse to pulse. We note a surprising increase in the Li abundance, with log₁₀ e( Li) reaching values of over 2.5 in the 1.5MQ model. It is thus possible to get stars which are both C- and Li-rich at the same time. We compare our models to measurements of carbon and lithium in carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars which have not yet reached the giant branch. These models can simultaneously reproduced the observed C and Li abundances of carbon-enhanced metal-poor turn-off stars that are Li-rich.