TY - JOUR
T1 - Liquid palladium for high-turnover carbon-carbon bond formation
AU - Al Banna, Md Hasan
AU - Flores, Nieves
AU - Zhou, Ziqi
AU - Meftahi, Nastaran
AU - Russo, Salvy P.
AU - Koshy, Pramod
AU - Allioux, Francois Marie
AU - Ghasemian, Mohammad B.
AU - Tang, Junma
AU - Sarina, Sarina
AU - Tang, Jianbo
AU - Christofferson, Andrew J.
AU - Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh
AU - Rahim, Md Arifur
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved.
PY - 2025/3/28
Y1 - 2025/3/28
N2 - Carbon-carbon (C―C) bond formation is a key step in diverse chemical processes and requires high-performance catalysts to enable energy-efficient technologies. Here, we present liquid Pd catalysts, formed by dissolving Pd in liquid Ga, for high-turnover C―C coupling reactions. The liquid Pd catalyst achieved a turnover frequency of 2.5 × 108 hour−1 for a model coupling reaction at 70°C, surpassing all reported Pd catalysts by 1000-fold. Our results show that Pd atoms in the Ga matrix are liquid-like, exhibiting unique electronic and interfacial properties that substantially lower the energy barrier and enhance reaction kinetics. The system retained full activity over five cycles and showed no Pd leaching, highlighting the transformative potential of liquid-phase metals to advance high-throughput and sustainable C―C bond-forming strategies.
AB - Carbon-carbon (C―C) bond formation is a key step in diverse chemical processes and requires high-performance catalysts to enable energy-efficient technologies. Here, we present liquid Pd catalysts, formed by dissolving Pd in liquid Ga, for high-turnover C―C coupling reactions. The liquid Pd catalyst achieved a turnover frequency of 2.5 × 108 hour−1 for a model coupling reaction at 70°C, surpassing all reported Pd catalysts by 1000-fold. Our results show that Pd atoms in the Ga matrix are liquid-like, exhibiting unique electronic and interfacial properties that substantially lower the energy barrier and enhance reaction kinetics. The system retained full activity over five cycles and showed no Pd leaching, highlighting the transformative potential of liquid-phase metals to advance high-throughput and sustainable C―C bond-forming strategies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105001565536&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.adt9037
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.adt9037
M3 - Article
C2 - 40153512
AN - SCOPUS:105001565536
SN - 2375-2548
VL - 11
JO - Science Advances
JF - Science Advances
IS - 13
M1 - eadt9037
ER -