TY - JOUR
T1 - Lineage-specific protection and immune imprinting shape the age distributions of influenza B cases
AU - Vieira, Marcos C.
AU - Donato, Celeste M.
AU - Arevalo, Philip
AU - Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.
AU - Wood, Timothy
AU - Lopez, Liza
AU - Huang, Q. Sue
AU - Dhanasekaran, Vijaykrishna
AU - Koelle, Katia
AU - Cobey, Sarah
N1 - Funding Information:
Frank Wen helped with data collection from GISAID. This work was completed in part with resources provided by the University of Chicago Research Computing Center. This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services under grant DP2 AI117921 and CEIRS Contract number HHSN272201400005C awarded to S.C. M.V. was supported by a William Rainey Harper Dissertation Fellowship by the University of Chicago. P.A. was supported by an NRSA Fellowship F32AI145177-01 by the National Institutes of Health. K.K. was supported by MIDAS CIDID Center of Excellence (U54-GM111274), V.D. was supported by NIH CEIRS Contract number HHSN272201400006C, and C.D. was supported by an Early Career Fellowship (1113269) from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding sources.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - How a history of influenza virus infections contributes to protection is not fully understood, but such protection might explain the contrasting age distributions of cases of the two lineages of influenza B, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata. Fitting a statistical model to those distributions using surveillance data from New Zealand, we found they could be explained by historical changes in lineage frequencies combined with cross-protection between strains of the same lineage. We found additional protection against B/Yamagata in people for whom it was their first influenza B infection, similar to the immune imprinting observed in influenza A. While the data were not informative about B/Victoria imprinting, B/Yamagata imprinting could explain the fewer B/Yamagata than B/Victoria cases in cohorts born in the 1990s and the bimodal age distribution of B/Yamagata cases. Longitudinal studies can test if these forms of protection inferred from historical data extend to more recent strains and other populations.
AB - How a history of influenza virus infections contributes to protection is not fully understood, but such protection might explain the contrasting age distributions of cases of the two lineages of influenza B, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata. Fitting a statistical model to those distributions using surveillance data from New Zealand, we found they could be explained by historical changes in lineage frequencies combined with cross-protection between strains of the same lineage. We found additional protection against B/Yamagata in people for whom it was their first influenza B infection, similar to the immune imprinting observed in influenza A. While the data were not informative about B/Victoria imprinting, B/Yamagata imprinting could explain the fewer B/Yamagata than B/Victoria cases in cohorts born in the 1990s and the bimodal age distribution of B/Yamagata cases. Longitudinal studies can test if these forms of protection inferred from historical data extend to more recent strains and other populations.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110784213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-021-24566-y
DO - 10.1038/s41467-021-24566-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 34262041
AN - SCOPUS:85110784213
VL - 12
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
SN - 2041-1723
IS - 1
M1 - 4313
ER -