Isolation of endophytic fungi from coastal mangrove associate Morinda Citrifolia in Malaysia

Morinda citrifolia is a mangrove associate frequently found in the coastal areas of Southeast Asia. It is also a well-known traditional medicinal plant, with its various parts being used for a wide range of pharmacological potentials. Recent studies suggest that its associated endophytic fungi (EFs) may contribute to these bioactivities, highlighting their potential as sources of novel bioactive compounds. This study aimed to isolate and characterise EFs from the leaves of M. citrifolia collected from Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Using the isolation and culture method, 10 pure EF strains were successfully isolated and cultured from 30 leaf segments, resulting in an isolation rate of 33.33%. Molecular identification based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed only two EF genera: Phyllosticta sp. (nine isolates) and Aspergillus sp. (one isolate). Nonetheless, this study provides a preliminary foundation for further research into the diversity and pharmacological potential of EFs associated with M. citrifolia in the coastal environment.