Is there a global-business-subculture effect on gender differences? A multi-society analysis of subdordinate influence ethics behaviors

While business studies on gender have increased, they continue to adopt traditional approaches with limited samples drawn from general-populations (e.g., students/teachers). In contrast, we investigated gender differences with our focus solely on business professionals. Specifically, we study 40 societies using the four dimensions of Subordinate Influence Ethics (SIE) Behaviors (Pro-organizational Behaviors, Image Management Behaviors, Self-serving Behaviors, and Maliciously Intended Behaviors). We employed crossvergence theory as our theoretical foundation, with its two competing forces, sociocultural (gender-differences) and business-ideological (no-gender-differences), which translates to a global-business-subculture effect. We found no gender differences for three of the four SIE Behaviors and minimal differences for the fourth for our sample of business professionals. Thus, our findings are significantly different from those from previous general-population samples. We also tested for societal-level moderating effects of collectivism and individualism using the Business Values Dimensions (BVD) measure. Our individualism findings, the primary values dimension associated with business success, in conjunction with findings from other studies, support our non-significant SIE differences findings. In sum, the truly minimal gender differences that we found provide strong support for the perspective that there is a global-business-subculture effect. And, ethical differences between genders are minimal across the global workforce. We discuss the implications for international business.