TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of titanium dioxide nanorods with different surface chemistry on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
AU - Shrestha, Surakshya
AU - Mao, Zhengwei
AU - Fedutik, Yuri
AU - Gao, Changyou
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was financially supported by the Key Science Technology Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province (2013TD02), the Frame Work program 7 of the European Commission (Nanosolutions, 309329), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51120135001 and 51673171), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR16E030001) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016QNA4030). The authors thank all the NANOSOLUTION members for their stimulating discussion and helpful suggestions, especially Dr Alexei Antipov.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2016/10/14
Y1 - 2016/10/14
N2 - In this study, four kinds of TiO2 nanorods (TiO2 NRs), with similar aspect ratios but different surface functional groups, i.e. amines (-NH2), carboxyl groups (-COOH) and poly(ethylene glycol) (-PEG), were used to study their interaction with rat bone marrow stem cells (MSCs). The aspect ratios of the TiO2 NRs were measured (50 to 65 nm in length and 8 nm in width) under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cellular uptake of the TiO2 NRs was qualitatively studied by TEM and then quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the MSCs ingested larger amounts of TiO2-core NRs and TiO2-NH2 NRs than those of TiO2-COOH NRs and TiO2-PEG NRs, with similar intracellular distribution patterns. TiO2-core NRs induced the highest cytotoxicity, as a result of the highest intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was lowered upon surface functionalization. The genotoxicity of the TiO2 NRs was neglectable at tested concentrations, studied by the comet assay. The adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials of the MSCs were firstly evaluated in terms of lipid droplet formation and calcium deposition respectively in the presence of the TiO2 NRs. All of the TiO2 NRs did not show an obvious influence on the adipogenic differentiation potential of the MSCs. But TiO2-COOH NRs showed a significant impairment on the osteogenic differentiation behaviors. The influence of TiO2 NRs on the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs was further quantitatively studied by the expression of osteogenic markers (collagen type I and osteocalcein), at both gene and protein levels. The results confirmed the strongest hindrance of the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs by TiO2-COOH NRs, due to the up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The results provide new information that the differentiation potential of the MSCs can be influenced by the presence of TiO2 NRs with different surface functionalities, suggesting a careful analysis of the biological impact of nanomaterials.
AB - In this study, four kinds of TiO2 nanorods (TiO2 NRs), with similar aspect ratios but different surface functional groups, i.e. amines (-NH2), carboxyl groups (-COOH) and poly(ethylene glycol) (-PEG), were used to study their interaction with rat bone marrow stem cells (MSCs). The aspect ratios of the TiO2 NRs were measured (50 to 65 nm in length and 8 nm in width) under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cellular uptake of the TiO2 NRs was qualitatively studied by TEM and then quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the MSCs ingested larger amounts of TiO2-core NRs and TiO2-NH2 NRs than those of TiO2-COOH NRs and TiO2-PEG NRs, with similar intracellular distribution patterns. TiO2-core NRs induced the highest cytotoxicity, as a result of the highest intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was lowered upon surface functionalization. The genotoxicity of the TiO2 NRs was neglectable at tested concentrations, studied by the comet assay. The adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials of the MSCs were firstly evaluated in terms of lipid droplet formation and calcium deposition respectively in the presence of the TiO2 NRs. All of the TiO2 NRs did not show an obvious influence on the adipogenic differentiation potential of the MSCs. But TiO2-COOH NRs showed a significant impairment on the osteogenic differentiation behaviors. The influence of TiO2 NRs on the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs was further quantitatively studied by the expression of osteogenic markers (collagen type I and osteocalcein), at both gene and protein levels. The results confirmed the strongest hindrance of the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs by TiO2-COOH NRs, due to the up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The results provide new information that the differentiation potential of the MSCs can be influenced by the presence of TiO2 NRs with different surface functionalities, suggesting a careful analysis of the biological impact of nanomaterials.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84994613987
U2 - 10.1039/c6tb02149b
DO - 10.1039/c6tb02149b
M3 - Article
C2 - 32263562
AN - SCOPUS:84994613987
SN - 2050-7518
VL - 4
SP - 6955
EP - 6966
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry B
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry B
IS - 43
ER -