Impact of solid flow on a granular bed

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the formation of crater by impacting a particle stream onto a particle bed using a 2D slot model. The numerical simulation is performed by means of the discrete element method (DEM). The results show that the DEM simulation can reproduce the experimental results well under comparative conditions. During the impact process, most of the energy from the falling particles is dissipated, and only a small amount of the energy contributes to the formation of the crater. The crater size is shown to be related to the ratio of the input energy from the falling stream to the inertial energy from the original packing.