TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of pharmacist-led diabetes self-care education on patients with type 2 diabetes in Pakistan
T2 - A randomized controlled trial
AU - Bukhsh, Allah
AU - Khan, Tahir Mehmood
AU - Phisalprapa, Pochamana
AU - Duangjai, Acharaporn
AU - Saokaew, Surasak
AU - Nawaz, Muhammad Sarfraz
AU - Ahmed, Hafiz Sajjad
AU - Goh, Bey Hing
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by a grant from the Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN) (grant number: FF65-UoE005), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao via Dr. Surasak Saokaew. The funding source had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Bukhsh, Khan, Phisalprapa, Duangjai, Saokaew, Nawaz, Ahmed and Goh.
PY - 2022/2/9
Y1 - 2022/2/9
N2 - Introduction: There is a little evidence on efficacy of pharmacy-based interventions on clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Pakistan. Objective: To appraise the impact of pharmacist-led self-care education on glycemic control, self-care practices and disease knowledge of T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Methods: In this 6-months, randomized controlled trial (RCT), n = 75, T2DM patients seeking care at a diabetes clinic were randomized in to two groups. Intervention group (n = 38) received two face-to-face educational sessions (at enrollment and on week 12), whereas control group (n = 37) received usual care. Outcome measures such as glycemic control, self-care practices and disease knowledge were assessed at the time of enrollment and after 6-months in both groups. Results: Thirty-three intervention and thirty-three participants from the control group completed the study. Mean glycated hemoglobin (% HbA1c) significantly reduced in the intervention group from 9.00 ± 1.43 to 8.09 ± 1.16 (p <.01). However, no significant change was observed in the control group (9.20 ± 1.24 to 8.93 ±.97; p =.06). Cohen’s d effect size of the intervention on HbA1c was.78. Percentage of participants achieving glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) were significantly higher (p <.05) in the intervention group as compared to the control group (twenty-four vs. six), after 6 months of the trial. A significant (p <.01) improvement in mean scores for disease knowledge and self-care activities was also observed in the intervention group participants, whereas no significant improvements (p >.05) were observed in the control group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control, disease knowledge and self-care activities of T2DM patients who received pharmacist-led educational intervention. The study findings support clinical significance of integrating pharmacy-based interventions in diabetes management.
AB - Introduction: There is a little evidence on efficacy of pharmacy-based interventions on clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Pakistan. Objective: To appraise the impact of pharmacist-led self-care education on glycemic control, self-care practices and disease knowledge of T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Methods: In this 6-months, randomized controlled trial (RCT), n = 75, T2DM patients seeking care at a diabetes clinic were randomized in to two groups. Intervention group (n = 38) received two face-to-face educational sessions (at enrollment and on week 12), whereas control group (n = 37) received usual care. Outcome measures such as glycemic control, self-care practices and disease knowledge were assessed at the time of enrollment and after 6-months in both groups. Results: Thirty-three intervention and thirty-three participants from the control group completed the study. Mean glycated hemoglobin (% HbA1c) significantly reduced in the intervention group from 9.00 ± 1.43 to 8.09 ± 1.16 (p <.01). However, no significant change was observed in the control group (9.20 ± 1.24 to 8.93 ±.97; p =.06). Cohen’s d effect size of the intervention on HbA1c was.78. Percentage of participants achieving glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) were significantly higher (p <.05) in the intervention group as compared to the control group (twenty-four vs. six), after 6 months of the trial. A significant (p <.01) improvement in mean scores for disease knowledge and self-care activities was also observed in the intervention group participants, whereas no significant improvements (p >.05) were observed in the control group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control, disease knowledge and self-care activities of T2DM patients who received pharmacist-led educational intervention. The study findings support clinical significance of integrating pharmacy-based interventions in diabetes management.
KW - diabetes knowledge
KW - Hba1 C
KW - pharmacist
KW - self-care
KW - type 2 diabees (T2D)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125313440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fphar.2022.754999
DO - 10.3389/fphar.2022.754999
M3 - Article
C2 - 35222018
AN - SCOPUS:85125313440
SN - 1663-9812
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Pharmacology
JF - Frontiers in Pharmacology
M1 - 754999
ER -
