TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of inter-pregnancy BMI change on perinatal outcomes
T2 - a retrospective cohort study
AU - McBain, Rosemary D.
AU - Dekker, Gustaaf A.
AU - Clifton, Vicki L.
AU - Mol, Ben W.
AU - Grzeskowiak, Luke E.
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Objective To examine the patterns and predictors of inter-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) change and its impact on perinatal outcomes in the second pregnancy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary teaching hospital in Adelaide, Australia. Population Women with their first and second consecutive, singleton deliveries occurring between 2000 and 2012 (N = 5371). Methods Inter-pregnancy weight change calculated based on difference between BMI at respective antenatal booking visits. Association between inter-pregnancy weight change and perinatal outcomes investigated using multivariate generalised linear models, with stratification according to initial maternal BMI category in first pregnancy. Main outcome measures Gestational diabetes (GDM); pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders; small-for-gestational age (SGA); preterm birth; large-for-gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia (>4500 g). Results On average, women with a normal BMI gained 1 kg/m2 between first and second pregnancies, while women who were overweight or obese gained 1.37 kg/m2. Among women with a normal BMI in their first pregnancy, a BMI increase of ≥4 kg/m2 was associated with increased risk of developing GDM (aRR 1.97; 95% CI 1.22–3.19), a macrosomic (aRR 4.06; 95% CI 2.25–7.34) or LGA infant (aRR 1.31 0.96–1.78) in the second pregnancy, while a reduction in BMI (≤–2 kg/m2) was associated with an increased risk of SGA (aRR 1.94; 1.19–3.16). Among women who were overweight or obese in their first pregnancy, a BMI increase of ≥2–4 and ≥4 kg/m2 was associated with increased risks of developing GDM in the second pregnancy (aRR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01–1.91 and aRR 1.64 95% CI 1.16–2.31; ptrend < 0.001), while no associations were observed for a BMI increase and risk of a macrosomic, SGA, or LGA infant. In contrast, reduction in BMI (≤–2 kg/m2) was associated with a reduced risk of GDM (aRR 0.58 95% CI 0.37–0.90) and SGA (aRR 0.47; 95% CI 0.25–0.87). Conclusion Increases in BMI between pregnancies is associated with an increased risk for perinatal complications, even in normal-weight women, while a reduction in BMI is associated with improved perinatal outcomes among women who are overweight/obese. Inter-pregnancy weight control is an important target to reduce the risk of an adverse perinatal outcome in a subsequent pregnancy.
AB - Objective To examine the patterns and predictors of inter-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) change and its impact on perinatal outcomes in the second pregnancy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary teaching hospital in Adelaide, Australia. Population Women with their first and second consecutive, singleton deliveries occurring between 2000 and 2012 (N = 5371). Methods Inter-pregnancy weight change calculated based on difference between BMI at respective antenatal booking visits. Association between inter-pregnancy weight change and perinatal outcomes investigated using multivariate generalised linear models, with stratification according to initial maternal BMI category in first pregnancy. Main outcome measures Gestational diabetes (GDM); pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders; small-for-gestational age (SGA); preterm birth; large-for-gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia (>4500 g). Results On average, women with a normal BMI gained 1 kg/m2 between first and second pregnancies, while women who were overweight or obese gained 1.37 kg/m2. Among women with a normal BMI in their first pregnancy, a BMI increase of ≥4 kg/m2 was associated with increased risk of developing GDM (aRR 1.97; 95% CI 1.22–3.19), a macrosomic (aRR 4.06; 95% CI 2.25–7.34) or LGA infant (aRR 1.31 0.96–1.78) in the second pregnancy, while a reduction in BMI (≤–2 kg/m2) was associated with an increased risk of SGA (aRR 1.94; 1.19–3.16). Among women who were overweight or obese in their first pregnancy, a BMI increase of ≥2–4 and ≥4 kg/m2 was associated with increased risks of developing GDM in the second pregnancy (aRR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01–1.91 and aRR 1.64 95% CI 1.16–2.31; ptrend < 0.001), while no associations were observed for a BMI increase and risk of a macrosomic, SGA, or LGA infant. In contrast, reduction in BMI (≤–2 kg/m2) was associated with a reduced risk of GDM (aRR 0.58 95% CI 0.37–0.90) and SGA (aRR 0.47; 95% CI 0.25–0.87). Conclusion Increases in BMI between pregnancies is associated with an increased risk for perinatal complications, even in normal-weight women, while a reduction in BMI is associated with improved perinatal outcomes among women who are overweight/obese. Inter-pregnancy weight control is an important target to reduce the risk of an adverse perinatal outcome in a subsequent pregnancy.
KW - Gestational diabetes
KW - Hypretensive disorders of pregnancy
KW - Interpregnancy
KW - IUGR
KW - LGA
KW - Weight gain
KW - Weight loss
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84983761018&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.487
DO - 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.487
M3 - Article
C2 - 27567535
AN - SCOPUS:84983761018
SN - 0301-2115
VL - 205
SP - 98
EP - 104
JO - European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
JF - European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
ER -
