Immune-mediated cytopenias in human immunodeficiency virus: The first reported case of idiopathic aplastic anaemia successfully treated with immunosuppression

Although isolated cytopenias are relatively common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the incidence of aplastic anaemia is extremely rare. We report here the first case of a HIV-infected patient who developed severe idiopathic aplastic anaemia, and who was safely and effectively treated with anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporin. We briefly review immune-mediated cytopenias in HIV, including their frequency, pathophysiology and management strategies. ? 2013 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.