TY - JOUR
T1 - Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China
AU - Ye, Tingting
AU - Guo, Suying
AU - Xie, Yang
AU - Chen, Zhaoyue
AU - Abramson, Michael J.
AU - Heyworth, Jane
AU - Hales, Simon
AU - Woodward, Alistair
AU - Bell, Michelle
AU - Guo, Yuming
AU - Li, Shanshan
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: MJA holds investigator initiated grants from Pfizer and Boehringer-Ingelheim for unrelated research. He has undertaken an unrelated consultancy for and received assistance with conference attendance from Sanofi. He has also received a speaker’s fee from GSK. There are no potential conflicts of interests for other authors.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [ #APP1109193 to SL and #APP1107107 to YG] and the China Scholarship Council [ #201906320051 to TY].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/10/1
Y1 - 2021/10/1
N2 - Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government implemented nationwide traffic restrictions and self-quarantine measures from January 23 to April 8 (in Wuhan), 2020. We estimated how these measures impacted ambient air pollution and the subsequent consequences on health and the health-related economy in 367 Chinese cities. A random forests modeling was used to predict the business-as-usual air pollution concentrations in 2020, after adjusting for the impact of long-term trend and weather conditions. We calculated changes in mortality attributable to reductions in air pollution in early 2020 and health-related economic benefits based on the value of statistical life (VSL). Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, we estimated 1239 (95% CI: 844–1578) PM2.5-related deaths were avoided, as were 2777 (95% CI: 1565–3995) PM10-related deaths, 1587 (95% CI: 98–3104) CO-related deaths, 4711 (95% CI: 3649–5781) NO2-related deaths, 215 (95% CI: 116–314) O3-related deaths, and 1088 (95% CI: 774–1421) SO2-related deaths. Based on the reduction in deaths, economic benefits for in PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 were 1.22, 2.60, 1.36, 4.05, 0.20, and 0.95 billion USD, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the substantial benefits in human health and health-related costs due to improved urban air quality during the COVID lockdown period in China in early 2020.
AB - Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government implemented nationwide traffic restrictions and self-quarantine measures from January 23 to April 8 (in Wuhan), 2020. We estimated how these measures impacted ambient air pollution and the subsequent consequences on health and the health-related economy in 367 Chinese cities. A random forests modeling was used to predict the business-as-usual air pollution concentrations in 2020, after adjusting for the impact of long-term trend and weather conditions. We calculated changes in mortality attributable to reductions in air pollution in early 2020 and health-related economic benefits based on the value of statistical life (VSL). Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, we estimated 1239 (95% CI: 844–1578) PM2.5-related deaths were avoided, as were 2777 (95% CI: 1565–3995) PM10-related deaths, 1587 (95% CI: 98–3104) CO-related deaths, 4711 (95% CI: 3649–5781) NO2-related deaths, 215 (95% CI: 116–314) O3-related deaths, and 1088 (95% CI: 774–1421) SO2-related deaths. Based on the reduction in deaths, economic benefits for in PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 were 1.22, 2.60, 1.36, 4.05, 0.20, and 0.95 billion USD, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the substantial benefits in human health and health-related costs due to improved urban air quality during the COVID lockdown period in China in early 2020.
KW - Air pollution
KW - China
KW - COVID-19
KW - Economic benefits
KW - Health burden
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108994039&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112481
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112481
M3 - Article
C2 - 34229169
AN - SCOPUS:85108994039
VL - 222
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
SN - 0147-6513
M1 - 112481
ER -
