Halloysite nanotube-polymer nanocomposites: A review on fabrication and biomedical applications

Polymer nanocomposites, which incorporate nanomaterials into a polymer matrix, are known for their exceptional material properties attributed to strong interfacial interactions between different components. Halloysite nanotubes (Hal) that have been characterized by their unique tubular structure, high aspect ratio, excellent mechanical strength, and low toxicity have garnered scientific attention, exploring their potential as nanomaterials for reinforcing polymers with enhanced biocompatibility in the biomedical field. This review explores the fabrication techniques employed to develop Hal-based polymer nanocomposites and examines the impacts of incorporating Hal into polymer matrices, mainly focusing on its effects on fabrication processes and its potential enhancements for diverse biomedical applications. Common fabrication techniques, including solution mixing, melt processing, in situ polymerization, electrospinning, and electrophoretic deposition, have been employed to develop Hal-based polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications, with each technique having its own set of advantages and limitations. Consequently, these fabrication techniques facilitate the development of Hal-based polymer nanocomposites, offering improved structural and functional properties previously unachievable through conventional polymers. Such advancements hold promise for drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and biomedical packaging applications.