Green approach: Microbes for removal of dyes and metals via ion binding

Metal ions and organic dyes are common pollutants in the environment. These are toxic to living organisms and the environment. Removal strategies using biological agents have been attempted, with many of these successfully performed by a variety of micro-organisms. The use of micro-organisms is aligned to the green approach, as micro-organisms are capable of biosorbing, bioaccumulating and/or biodegrading the pollutants. This approach is environmentally friendly and sustainable, as readily available biological resources are utilized to convert harmful pollutants into less hazardous forms. In this chapter, the microbes for removal of organic dyes and metal pollutants are discussed, along with their mechanisms involved. Innovations to enhance the removal of dyes and metal ions are also presented.