Giant third-order nonlinearity from low-loss electrochemical graphene oxide film with a high power stability

Giant third-order nonlinear absorption and refraction of electrochemical graphene oxide (EGO) film were investigated in the femtosecond regime using the single beam Z-scan technique. The excellent chemical stability of the EGO film under high-power illumination up to 400 mJ/cm² is demonstrated, which can be attributed to the low oxidation degree revealed by the optical and Raman spectroscopies. High and broadband linear transmission over 70% has been observed from the visible to the infrared range. The low-loss EGO film with giant third-order nonlinearity, excellent chemical stability, large-scale preparation and flexible integration has a great potential for high-power nonlinear optical applications.