Abstract
Gene-environment interactions shape the development of phenotypes. Effects have been documented across outcomes as diverse and complex as clinical disorders and disease. Whilst some phenotypes may be shaped by genes more than environment or vice-versa, research has demonstrated the existence of an interaction. However, it has proven difficult to study the gene-environment interaction of complex outcomes such as intelligence and behavior. This is due to issues including insufficient capturing of environmental factors, the restrictive selection criteria of genes chosen for investigation, the need for large sample sizes, and the biological mechanisms that modify gene-environment interactions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences |
| Subtitle of host publication | Models and Theories |
| Editors | Bernardo J Carducci, Christopher S Nave, Jeffrey S Mio, Ronald E Riggio |
| Place of Publication | Hoboken NJ USA |
| Publisher | Wiley-Academy |
| Chapter | 37 |
| Pages | 221-223 |
| Number of pages | 3 |
| Volume | 1 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781119547143 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781118970744, 9781119057505 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Gene
- Genetic polymorphisms
- Genotype
- Heritability
- Phenotype