Freedom to personalize walking aids: a user-centric design framework for age-friendly smart canes

Older adults often hesitate to use canes due to a mismatch between their specific needs. This study proposed a user-centric design framework, designed a personalized smart cane, and evaluated its usability through a user-centered design cycle. Initially, we recruited 142 older adults to explore their attitudes and requirements. A design framework for smart canes was then proposed, encompassing seven key elements: safety, user-friendliness, multifunctionality, ergonomic fit, education, modularity, and affordability. Other 25 older adults were further recruited to complete an after-scenario questionnaire and a system usability scale in the usability testing. The results indicated a high level of satisfaction (6.09 ± 0.93 scores) and good usability (80.40 ± 11.13 scores). The user-centered design cycle employed in this study proved effective in achieving a functional design, and the proposed framework provides valuable guidance for future mobility aid designs aimed at enhancing adoption and adherence among older adults.