Forest reserve as an inclusive or exclusive space? Engaging orang ASLI as stakeholder in protected area management

Contradictions between community practices and governance in resource use within forest reserves can only be resolved using an inclusive approach for effective management and sustainable use of natural resource. Using a case study in Peninsular Malaysia, we argue that effective natural resource management requires the authorities to consider indigenous participation and the incorporation of indigenous knowledge. This helps to improve the management of protected areas. Indigenous knowledge of natural resources and landscape represents the close relationship between indigenous communities and their natural surroundings. Therefore, it is crucial to acknowledge them as the main stakeholders in managing protected areas. Experts and policymakers need to adopt a holistic approach by recognising the existence of multi-stakeholders in protected areas and addressing their diverse needs. When framing appropriate policies and management plans for protected areas, indigenous knowledge and the pressures which shape the way they utilise natural resources should be acknowledged and considered. Here we echo the core concepts of the participatory approach by recognising indigenous claims to rights, empowering them and listening to their needs for an inclusive approach to the management of protected areas.