TY - JOUR
T1 - Expression of aromatase in the ovary
T2 - Down-regulation of mRNA by the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge
AU - Fitzpatrick, Susan L.
AU - Carlone, Diana L.
AU - Robker, Rebecca L.
AU - Richards, Jo Anne S.
PY - 1997/1/1
Y1 - 1997/1/1
N2 - Aromatase (CYP19) mRNA is induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles and subsequently is rapidly diminished as a consequence of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Primary cultures of rat granulosa cells were used to identify some of the cellular mechanisms by which FSH increases and LH decreases steady-state levels of aromatase mRNA. Induction of aromatase mRNA by FSH was increased by cycloheximide but was blocked by α-amanitin and the C-kinase activators gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In contrast, the decrease in steady-state levels of aromatase mRNA by LH was mimicked by A-kinase (forskolin) and C-kinase (PMA or GnRH) activators. The decrease in aromatase mRNA was associated with decreased amounts of mRNA and protein for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), a nuclear orphan receptor that binds and trans-activates the aromatase promoter, and with the A-kinase subunit type II (RIIβ), which is required for mediating cAMP action in these cells. The down-regulation of aromatase, SF-1, and RIIβ by each kinase activator and α-amanitin was prevented by cycloheximide when the drug was added in combination with the activator. If, however, cycloheximide was added 2 h after PMA (or LH), the drug did not prevent the rapid loss of mRNA. When granulosa cells were transfected with an aromatase CAT transgene. CAT activity was stimulated 10- to 20-fold by FSH and forskolin but not by PMA. Taken together, these results indicate that the A- kinase but not the C-kinase pathway can trans-activate the aromatase gene in immature granulosa cells, whereas the C-kinase, as well as A-kinase pathways, mimic the LH surge to decrease aromatase mRNA in preovulatory cells. By increasing degradation of aromatase mRNA and by inhibiting transcription, the LH surge rapidly terminates the granulosa cell pattern of gene expression while reprogramming the cells to express genes associated with ovulation and luteinization.
AB - Aromatase (CYP19) mRNA is induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles and subsequently is rapidly diminished as a consequence of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Primary cultures of rat granulosa cells were used to identify some of the cellular mechanisms by which FSH increases and LH decreases steady-state levels of aromatase mRNA. Induction of aromatase mRNA by FSH was increased by cycloheximide but was blocked by α-amanitin and the C-kinase activators gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In contrast, the decrease in steady-state levels of aromatase mRNA by LH was mimicked by A-kinase (forskolin) and C-kinase (PMA or GnRH) activators. The decrease in aromatase mRNA was associated with decreased amounts of mRNA and protein for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), a nuclear orphan receptor that binds and trans-activates the aromatase promoter, and with the A-kinase subunit type II (RIIβ), which is required for mediating cAMP action in these cells. The down-regulation of aromatase, SF-1, and RIIβ by each kinase activator and α-amanitin was prevented by cycloheximide when the drug was added in combination with the activator. If, however, cycloheximide was added 2 h after PMA (or LH), the drug did not prevent the rapid loss of mRNA. When granulosa cells were transfected with an aromatase CAT transgene. CAT activity was stimulated 10- to 20-fold by FSH and forskolin but not by PMA. Taken together, these results indicate that the A- kinase but not the C-kinase pathway can trans-activate the aromatase gene in immature granulosa cells, whereas the C-kinase, as well as A-kinase pathways, mimic the LH surge to decrease aromatase mRNA in preovulatory cells. By increasing degradation of aromatase mRNA and by inhibiting transcription, the LH surge rapidly terminates the granulosa cell pattern of gene expression while reprogramming the cells to express genes associated with ovulation and luteinization.
KW - A-kinase
KW - aromatase
KW - C-kinase
KW - CYP19
KW - granulosa cell
KW - LH
KW - SF-1
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031022159&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0039-128X(96)00181-X
DO - 10.1016/S0039-128X(96)00181-X
M3 - Article
C2 - 9029737
AN - SCOPUS:0031022159
SN - 0039-128X
VL - 62
SP - 197
EP - 206
JO - Steroids
JF - Steroids
IS - 1
ER -