TY - JOUR
T1 - Experimental study of quaternary blends with diesel/palm-oil biodiesel/ethanol/diethyl ether for optimum performance and emissions in a light-duty diesel engine using response surface methodology
AU - Ooi, Jong Boon
AU - Chan, Xian Loong
AU - Jaliliantabar, Farzad
AU - Tan, Boon Thong
AU - Wang, Xin
AU - Song, Cher Pin
AU - Chiong, Meng Choung
AU - Hung, Yew Mun
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by the School of Engineering Internal Seed Grant, Monash University Malaysia. The facilities support provided by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also wish to thank ExcelVite Sdn. Bhd. company for supplying high-quality palm-oil biodiesel (EVFuels\u2122) for this project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024
PY - 2024/8/15
Y1 - 2024/8/15
N2 - Quaternary fuel blend consisting of diesel, palm-oil biodiesel (POB), diethyl ether (DEE), and ethanol is a promising low-carbon fuel solution for diesel engines. In this study, the effects of DEE, ethanol, and engine load on the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) emissions of a light-duty diesel engine were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Desirability-based response surface methodology (RSM) optimization was then employed to determine the optimum quaternary fuel blend. The desired optimum quaternary fuel blend was found to be 6.78 vol% DEE and 20.00 vol% ethanol at an operating engine load and speed of 31.36 % and 2000 rpm, respectively. The engine out responses of BSFC and NOx, CO, and UHCs emissions for the optimal solution were 490.58 g/kWh, 326.84 ppm, 0.300 vol%, and 156.95 ppm, respectively. Validation of the optimized parameters was conducted through actual engine experiments and the errors were less than 5 %. The results suggest that the optimum quaternary blend can be a cleaner alternative for light-duty diesel engine applications.
AB - Quaternary fuel blend consisting of diesel, palm-oil biodiesel (POB), diethyl ether (DEE), and ethanol is a promising low-carbon fuel solution for diesel engines. In this study, the effects of DEE, ethanol, and engine load on the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) emissions of a light-duty diesel engine were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Desirability-based response surface methodology (RSM) optimization was then employed to determine the optimum quaternary fuel blend. The desired optimum quaternary fuel blend was found to be 6.78 vol% DEE and 20.00 vol% ethanol at an operating engine load and speed of 31.36 % and 2000 rpm, respectively. The engine out responses of BSFC and NOx, CO, and UHCs emissions for the optimal solution were 490.58 g/kWh, 326.84 ppm, 0.300 vol%, and 156.95 ppm, respectively. Validation of the optimized parameters was conducted through actual engine experiments and the errors were less than 5 %. The results suggest that the optimum quaternary blend can be a cleaner alternative for light-duty diesel engine applications.
KW - Desirability-based optimization
KW - Diethyl ether
KW - Ethanol
KW - Palm-oil biodiesel
KW - Quaternary blends
KW - Response surface methodology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85193941107&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131782
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131782
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85193941107
SN - 0360-5442
VL - 301
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
M1 - 131782
ER -
