Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19

Adam K. Wheatley; Jennifer A. Juno; Jing J. Wang; Kevin J. Selva; Arnold Reynaldi; Hyo- Xhi Tan; Wen Shi Lee; Kathleen M. Wragg; Hannah G. Kelly; Robyn Esterbauer; Samantha K. Davis; Helen E. Kent; Francesca L. Mordant; Timothy E. Schlub; David L. Gordon; David S. Khoury; Kanta Subbarao; Deborah Cromer; Tom P. Gordon; Amy W. Chung; Miles P. Davenport; Stephen J. Kent

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21444-5

Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19

Adam K. Wheatley, Jennifer A. Juno, Jing J. Wang, Kevin J. Selva, Arnold Reynaldi, Hyo- Xhi Tan, Wen Shi Lee, Kathleen M. Wragg, Hannah G. Kelly, Robyn Esterbauer, Samantha K. Davis, Helen E. Kent, Francesca L. Mordant, Timothy E. Schlub, David L. Gordon, David S. Khoury, Kanta Subbarao, Deborah Cromer, Tom P. Gordon, Amy W. ChungMiles P. Davenport, Stephen J. Kent

Melbourne Sexual Health Centre

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

279 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Here, we show a comprehensive profile of antibody, B cell and T cell dynamics over time in a cohort of patients who have recovered from mild-moderate COVID-19. Binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection. A similar decline in Spike-specific CD4⁺ and circulating T follicular helper frequencies occurs. By contrast, S-specific IgG⁺ memory B cells consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a substantial fraction of circulating the memory B cell pool. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50% of convalescent participants to 74 days, although there is probably additive protection from B cell and T cell immunity. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection might be transiently protective at a population level. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might require greater immunogenicity and durability than natural infection to drive long-term protection.

Original language	English
Article number	1162
Number of pages	11
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	12
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21444-5
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

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Wheatley, A. K., Juno, J. A., Wang, J. J., Selva, K. J., Reynaldi, A., Tan, H. X., Lee, W. S., Wragg, K. M., Kelly, H. G., Esterbauer, R., Davis, S. K., Kent, H. E., Mordant, F. L., Schlub, T. E., Gordon, D. L., Khoury, D. S., Subbarao, K., Cromer, D., Gordon, T. P., ... Kent, S. J. (2021). Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19. Nature Communications, 12(1), Article 1162. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21444-5

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abstract = "The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Here, we show a comprehensive profile of antibody, B cell and T cell dynamics over time in a cohort of patients who have recovered from mild-moderate COVID-19. Binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection. A similar decline in Spike-specific CD4+ and circulating T follicular helper frequencies occurs. By contrast, S-specific IgG+ memory B cells consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a substantial fraction of circulating the memory B cell pool. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50\% of convalescent participants to 74 days, although there is probably additive protection from B cell and T cell immunity. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection might be transiently protective at a population level. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might require greater immunogenicity and durability than natural infection to drive long-term protection.",

author = "Wheatley, \{Adam K.\} and Juno, \{Jennifer A.\} and Wang, \{Jing J.\} and Selva, \{Kevin J.\} and Arnold Reynaldi and Tan, \{Hyo- Xhi\} and Lee, \{Wen Shi\} and Wragg, \{Kathleen M.\} and Kelly, \{Hannah G.\} and Robyn Esterbauer and Davis, \{Samantha K.\} and Kent, \{Helen E.\} and Mordant, \{Francesca L.\} and Schlub, \{Timothy E.\} and Gordon, \{David L.\} and Khoury, \{David S.\} and Kanta Subbarao and Deborah Cromer and Gordon, \{Tom P.\} and Chung, \{Amy W.\} and Davenport, \{Miles P.\} and Kent, \{Stephen J.\}",

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Wheatley, AK, Juno, JA, Wang, JJ, Selva, KJ, Reynaldi, A, Tan, HX, Lee, WS, Wragg, KM, Kelly, HG, Esterbauer, R, Davis, SK, Kent, HE, Mordant, FL, Schlub, TE, Gordon, DL, Khoury, DS, Subbarao, K, Cromer, D, Gordon, TP, Chung, AW, Davenport, MP & Kent, SJ 2021, 'Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19', Nature Communications, vol. 12, no. 1, 1162. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21444-5

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AU - Esterbauer, Robyn

AU - Davis, Samantha K.

AU - Kent, Helen E.

AU - Mordant, Francesca L.

AU - Schlub, Timothy E.

AU - Gordon, David L.

AU - Khoury, David S.

AU - Subbarao, Kanta

AU - Cromer, Deborah

AU - Gordon, Tom P.

AU - Chung, Amy W.

AU - Davenport, Miles P.

AU - Kent, Stephen J.

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N2 - The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Here, we show a comprehensive profile of antibody, B cell and T cell dynamics over time in a cohort of patients who have recovered from mild-moderate COVID-19. Binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection. A similar decline in Spike-specific CD4+ and circulating T follicular helper frequencies occurs. By contrast, S-specific IgG+ memory B cells consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a substantial fraction of circulating the memory B cell pool. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50% of convalescent participants to 74 days, although there is probably additive protection from B cell and T cell immunity. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection might be transiently protective at a population level. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might require greater immunogenicity and durability than natural infection to drive long-term protection.

AB - The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Here, we show a comprehensive profile of antibody, B cell and T cell dynamics over time in a cohort of patients who have recovered from mild-moderate COVID-19. Binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection. A similar decline in Spike-specific CD4+ and circulating T follicular helper frequencies occurs. By contrast, S-specific IgG+ memory B cells consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a substantial fraction of circulating the memory B cell pool. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50% of convalescent participants to 74 days, although there is probably additive protection from B cell and T cell immunity. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection might be transiently protective at a population level. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might require greater immunogenicity and durability than natural infection to drive long-term protection.

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ER -

Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19

Abstract

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ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology

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Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19

Abstract

UN SDGs

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ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology

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