Abstract
We present the first observational evidence for a circumplanetary disk (CPD) around the protoplanet PDS 70 b, based on a new spectrum in the K-band acquired with Very Large Telescope/SINFONI. We tested three hypotheses to explain the spectrum: atmospheric emission from the planet with either (1) a single value of extinction, (2) a variable extinction, and (3) a combined atmospheric and CPD model. Goodness-of-fit indicators favor the third option, suggesting that circumplanetary material contributes excess thermal emission - most prominent at λ ≳ 2.3 μm. Inferred accretion rates (∼10-7.8-10-7.3 M J yr-1) are compatible with observational constraints based on the Hα and Brγ lines. For the planet, we derive an effective temperature of 1500-1600 K, surface gravity , radius ∼1.6R J, mass ∼10M J, and possible thick clouds. Models with variable extinction lead to slightly worse fits. However, the amplitude (ΔA V ≳ 3 mag) and timescale of variation (≲years) required for the extinction would also suggest circumplanetary material.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | L33 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Volume | 877 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2019 |
Keywords
- disk interactions
- plane
- planets and satellites: formation
- protoplanetary disks
- stars: individual
Cite this
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Evidence for a Circumplanetary Disk around Protoplanet PDS 70 b. / Christiaens, Valentin; Cantalloube, Faustine; Casassus, Simon; Price, Daniel J.; Absil, Olivier; Pinte, Christophe; Girard, Julien; Montesinos, Matias.
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 877, No. 2, L33, 01.06.2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence for a Circumplanetary Disk around Protoplanet PDS 70 b
AU - Christiaens, Valentin
AU - Cantalloube, Faustine
AU - Casassus, Simon
AU - Price, Daniel J.
AU - Absil, Olivier
AU - Pinte, Christophe
AU - Girard, Julien
AU - Montesinos, Matias
PY - 2019/6/1
Y1 - 2019/6/1
N2 - We present the first observational evidence for a circumplanetary disk (CPD) around the protoplanet PDS 70 b, based on a new spectrum in the K-band acquired with Very Large Telescope/SINFONI. We tested three hypotheses to explain the spectrum: atmospheric emission from the planet with either (1) a single value of extinction, (2) a variable extinction, and (3) a combined atmospheric and CPD model. Goodness-of-fit indicators favor the third option, suggesting that circumplanetary material contributes excess thermal emission - most prominent at λ ≳ 2.3 μm. Inferred accretion rates (∼10-7.8-10-7.3 M J yr-1) are compatible with observational constraints based on the Hα and Brγ lines. For the planet, we derive an effective temperature of 1500-1600 K, surface gravity , radius ∼1.6R J, mass ∼10M J, and possible thick clouds. Models with variable extinction lead to slightly worse fits. However, the amplitude (ΔA V ≳ 3 mag) and timescale of variation (≲years) required for the extinction would also suggest circumplanetary material.
AB - We present the first observational evidence for a circumplanetary disk (CPD) around the protoplanet PDS 70 b, based on a new spectrum in the K-band acquired with Very Large Telescope/SINFONI. We tested three hypotheses to explain the spectrum: atmospheric emission from the planet with either (1) a single value of extinction, (2) a variable extinction, and (3) a combined atmospheric and CPD model. Goodness-of-fit indicators favor the third option, suggesting that circumplanetary material contributes excess thermal emission - most prominent at λ ≳ 2.3 μm. Inferred accretion rates (∼10-7.8-10-7.3 M J yr-1) are compatible with observational constraints based on the Hα and Brγ lines. For the planet, we derive an effective temperature of 1500-1600 K, surface gravity , radius ∼1.6R J, mass ∼10M J, and possible thick clouds. Models with variable extinction lead to slightly worse fits. However, the amplitude (ΔA V ≳ 3 mag) and timescale of variation (≲years) required for the extinction would also suggest circumplanetary material.
KW - disk interactions
KW - plane
KW - planets and satellites: formation
KW - protoplanetary disks
KW - stars: individual
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069953567&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ab212b
DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ab212b
M3 - Article
VL - 877
JO - The Astrophysical Journal Letters
JF - The Astrophysical Journal Letters
SN - 2041-8205
IS - 2
M1 - L33
ER -