TY - JOUR
T1 - European NCAP Driver State Monitoring Protocols
T2 - Prevalence of Distraction in Naturalistic Driving
AU - Wilson, Kyle
AU - Yang, Shiyan
AU - Kuo, Jonny
AU - Sletten, Tracey
AU - Anderson, Clare
AU - Howard, Mark Erskine
AU - Rajaratnam, Shantha M.W.
AU - Magee, Michelle
AU - Collins, Allison L.
AU - Lenne, Michael G.
A2 - Mulhall, Megan
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity.
Funding Information:
This research is supported by the CRC for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia and Seeing Machines Ltd, Fyshwick, Australia. We thank Kaitlyn Crocker, Niamh McDonald and Dr Grace Vincent from the Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia for their assistance with data collection. We thank Dr Graeme Hart, Joanne Clarke, Helen Young, Simon Judkins, Melanie Stark and the staff of the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department at Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia for their support during data collection. We also thank the engineering and technical staff from Seeing Machines Ltd, Canberra, Australia .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
PY - 2023/8/20
Y1 - 2023/8/20
N2 - Objective: examine the prevalence of driver distraction in naturalistic driving when implementing European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP)-defined distraction behaviours. Background: The 2023 introduction of Occupant Status monitoring (OSM) into Euro NCAP will accelerate uptake of Driver State Monitoring (DSM). Euro NCAP outlines distraction behaviours that DSM must detect to earn maximum safety points. Distraction behaviour prevalence and driver alerting and intervention frequency have yet to be examined in naturalistic driving. Method: Twenty healthcare workers were provided with an instrumented vehicle for approximately two weeks. Data were continuously monitored with automotive grade DSM during daily work commutes, resulting in 168.8 hours of driver head, eye and gaze tracking. Results: Single long distraction events were the most prevalent, with.89 events/hour. Implementing different thresholds for driving-related and driving-unrelated glance regions impacts alerting rates. Lizard glances (primarily gaze movement) occurred more frequently than owl glances (primarily head movement). Visual time-sharing events occurred at a rate of.21 events/hour. Conclusion: Euro NCAP-described driver distraction occurs naturalistically. Lizard glances, requiring gaze tracking, occurred in high frequency relative to owl glances, which only require head tracking, indicating that less sophisticated DSM will miss a substantial amount of distraction events. Application: This work informs OEMs, DSM manufacturers and regulators of the expected alerting rate of Euro NCAP defined distraction behaviours. Alerting rates will vary with protocol implementation, technology capability, and HMI strategies adopted by the OEMs, in turn impacting safety outcomes, user experience and acceptance of DSM technology.
AB - Objective: examine the prevalence of driver distraction in naturalistic driving when implementing European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP)-defined distraction behaviours. Background: The 2023 introduction of Occupant Status monitoring (OSM) into Euro NCAP will accelerate uptake of Driver State Monitoring (DSM). Euro NCAP outlines distraction behaviours that DSM must detect to earn maximum safety points. Distraction behaviour prevalence and driver alerting and intervention frequency have yet to be examined in naturalistic driving. Method: Twenty healthcare workers were provided with an instrumented vehicle for approximately two weeks. Data were continuously monitored with automotive grade DSM during daily work commutes, resulting in 168.8 hours of driver head, eye and gaze tracking. Results: Single long distraction events were the most prevalent, with.89 events/hour. Implementing different thresholds for driving-related and driving-unrelated glance regions impacts alerting rates. Lizard glances (primarily gaze movement) occurred more frequently than owl glances (primarily head movement). Visual time-sharing events occurred at a rate of.21 events/hour. Conclusion: Euro NCAP-described driver distraction occurs naturalistically. Lizard glances, requiring gaze tracking, occurred in high frequency relative to owl glances, which only require head tracking, indicating that less sophisticated DSM will miss a substantial amount of distraction events. Application: This work informs OEMs, DSM manufacturers and regulators of the expected alerting rate of Euro NCAP defined distraction behaviours. Alerting rates will vary with protocol implementation, technology capability, and HMI strategies adopted by the OEMs, in turn impacting safety outcomes, user experience and acceptance of DSM technology.
KW - distraction
KW - driver state monitoring
KW - Euro NCAP
KW - naturalistic driving
KW - visual time sharing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85170548477&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/00187208231194543
DO - 10.1177/00187208231194543
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85170548477
SN - 0018-7208
JO - Human Factors
JF - Human Factors
ER -