Emerging macro- and micromolecules separation

Following their physical and chemical properties, macro- and micromolecules in biological substances are nowadays separated using conventional and emerging techniques. In this chapter, emerging separation technologies such as colloidal gas aphrons, ultrasound assisted crystallization, and pressurized microwave extraction are discussed in detail. Colloidal gas aphrons are surfactant-stabilized microbubbles that have been utilized for the selective separation of both macro- and micromolecules (e.g. proteins and polyphenols, respectively). Proteins segregation has been conducted via ultrasound-assisted crystallization, too, a process considered in terms of nucleation and crystal growth. In addition, a typical extraction technique based on microwaves has recently been combined with pressure in order to separate and recover macromolecules efficiently (e.g. pectin) from food by-products.