Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors

Jie Zhao; Sebastian O. Fürer; David P. McMeekin; Qingdong Lin; Pin Lv; Jisheng Ma; Wen Liang Tan; Chao Wang; Boer Tan; Anthony S.R. Chesman; Huiyu Yin; Andrew D. Scully; Christopher R. McNeill; Wenxin Mao; Jianfeng Lu; Yi-Bing Cheng; Udo Bach

doi:10.1039/d2ee01634f

Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors

Jie Zhao, Sebastian O. Fürer, David P. McMeekin, Qingdong Lin, Pin Lv, Jisheng Ma, Wen Liang Tan, Chao Wang, Boer Tan, Anthony S.R. Chesman, Huiyu Yin, Andrew D. Scully, Christopher R. McNeill, Wenxin Mao, Jianfeng Lu, Yi-Bing Cheng, Udo Bach

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Abstract

Controlling the crystallization process of perovskite thin films to obtain a high-quality material is one of the most challenging aspects for upscaling perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. The use of non-halide lead sources, such as lead acetate, is a potential solution to this issue due to the fast perovskite crystallization process triggered by the facile removal of acetate during post-annealing. However, to date, lead acetate has been used exclusively as a precursor for the synthesis of methylammonium (MA) or caesium (Cs) based perovskites, which are unstable and less efficient. Here, we expand the lead acetate precursor route to form mixed A-cation perovskites, namely, formamidinium-caesium lead perovskite. High-quality large-area formamidinium-caesium mixed-cation perovskite films were produced by blade-coating a lead acetate-based precursor formulation in an ambient laboratory environment, with the use of NH₄⁺ as a volatile cation to drive off acetate during annealing, leading to formation of PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 21.0%. Blade coated mini-modules with an aperture area of 10 cm² displayed PCEs of up to 18.8%. The encapsulated PSCs showed excellent thermal stability, with no evidence of efficiency loss after 3300 hours at 65 °C.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	138-147
Number of pages	10
Journal	Energy & Environmental Science
Volume	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee01634f
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2022

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10.1039/d2ee01634f

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Zhao, J., Fürer, S. O., McMeekin, D. P., Lin, Q., Lv, P., Ma, J., Tan, W. L., Wang, C., Tan, B., Chesman, A. S. R., Yin, H., Scully, A. D., McNeill, C. R., Mao, W., Lu, J., Cheng, Y.-B., & Bach, U. (2022). Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors. Energy & Environmental Science, 16, 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee01634f

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title = "Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors",

abstract = "Controlling the crystallization process of perovskite thin films to obtain a high-quality material is one of the most challenging aspects for upscaling perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. The use of non-halide lead sources, such as lead acetate, is a potential solution to this issue due to the fast perovskite crystallization process triggered by the facile removal of acetate during post-annealing. However, to date, lead acetate has been used exclusively as a precursor for the synthesis of methylammonium (MA) or caesium (Cs) based perovskites, which are unstable and less efficient. Here, we expand the lead acetate precursor route to form mixed A-cation perovskites, namely, formamidinium-caesium lead perovskite. High-quality large-area formamidinium-caesium mixed-cation perovskite films were produced by blade-coating a lead acetate-based precursor formulation in an ambient laboratory environment, with the use of NH4+ as a volatile cation to drive off acetate during annealing, leading to formation of PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 21.0%. Blade coated mini-modules with an aperture area of 10 cm2 displayed PCEs of up to 18.8%. The encapsulated PSCs showed excellent thermal stability, with no evidence of efficiency loss after 3300 hours at 65 °C.",

author = "Jie Zhao and F{\"u}rer, {Sebastian O.} and McMeekin, {David P.} and Qingdong Lin and Pin Lv and Jisheng Ma and Tan, {Wen Liang} and Chao Wang and Boer Tan and Chesman, {Anthony S.R.} and Huiyu Yin and Scully, {Andrew D.} and McNeill, {Christopher R.} and Wenxin Mao and Jianfeng Lu and Yi-Bing Cheng and Udo Bach",

note = "Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science (CE170100026) and additional grants (DP160104575 and LE170100235). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP). The authors acknowledge the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement SAMA no 101029896. The authors acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22075221, 52002302, and 91963209), the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2020CFB172), and the Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory (XHD2020-001). The authors also acknowledge Dr Doojin Vak (CSIRO) for his help in fabricating the blade-coated perovskite thin films. The authors acknowledge Siqi Deng and Yvonne Hora for the assistance in part of the visual representations. Synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments were performed at the SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO. This work was performed in part at the Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN) in the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF). The authors acknowledge the use of facilities within the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy (MCEM), Monash X-Ray Platform (MXP). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1039/d2ee01634f",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

pages = "138--147",

journal = "Energy & Environmental Science",

issn = "1754-5692",

publisher = "The Royal Society of Chemistry",

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Zhao, J, Fürer, SO, McMeekin, DP, Lin, Q, Lv, P, Ma, J, Tan, WL, Wang, C, Tan, B, Chesman, ASR, Yin, H, Scully, AD, McNeill, CR, Mao, W, Lu, J, Cheng, Y-B & Bach, U 2022, 'Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors', Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 16, pp. 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee01634f

TY - JOUR

T1 - Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors

AU - Zhao, Jie

AU - Fürer, Sebastian O.

AU - McMeekin, David P.

AU - Lin, Qingdong

AU - Lv, Pin

AU - Ma, Jisheng

AU - Tan, Wen Liang

AU - Wang, Chao

AU - Tan, Boer

AU - Chesman, Anthony S.R.

AU - Yin, Huiyu

AU - Scully, Andrew D.

AU - McNeill, Christopher R.

AU - Mao, Wenxin

AU - Lu, Jianfeng

AU - Cheng, Yi-Bing

AU - Bach, Udo

N1 - Funding Information: This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science (CE170100026) and additional grants (DP160104575 and LE170100235). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP). The authors acknowledge the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement SAMA no 101029896. The authors acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22075221, 52002302, and 91963209), the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2020CFB172), and the Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory (XHD2020-001). The authors also acknowledge Dr Doojin Vak (CSIRO) for his help in fabricating the blade-coated perovskite thin films. The authors acknowledge Siqi Deng and Yvonne Hora for the assistance in part of the visual representations. Synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments were performed at the SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, part of ANSTO. This work was performed in part at the Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN) in the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF). The authors acknowledge the use of facilities within the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy (MCEM), Monash X-Ray Platform (MXP). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - Controlling the crystallization process of perovskite thin films to obtain a high-quality material is one of the most challenging aspects for upscaling perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. The use of non-halide lead sources, such as lead acetate, is a potential solution to this issue due to the fast perovskite crystallization process triggered by the facile removal of acetate during post-annealing. However, to date, lead acetate has been used exclusively as a precursor for the synthesis of methylammonium (MA) or caesium (Cs) based perovskites, which are unstable and less efficient. Here, we expand the lead acetate precursor route to form mixed A-cation perovskites, namely, formamidinium-caesium lead perovskite. High-quality large-area formamidinium-caesium mixed-cation perovskite films were produced by blade-coating a lead acetate-based precursor formulation in an ambient laboratory environment, with the use of NH4+ as a volatile cation to drive off acetate during annealing, leading to formation of PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 21.0%. Blade coated mini-modules with an aperture area of 10 cm2 displayed PCEs of up to 18.8%. The encapsulated PSCs showed excellent thermal stability, with no evidence of efficiency loss after 3300 hours at 65 °C.

AB - Controlling the crystallization process of perovskite thin films to obtain a high-quality material is one of the most challenging aspects for upscaling perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. The use of non-halide lead sources, such as lead acetate, is a potential solution to this issue due to the fast perovskite crystallization process triggered by the facile removal of acetate during post-annealing. However, to date, lead acetate has been used exclusively as a precursor for the synthesis of methylammonium (MA) or caesium (Cs) based perovskites, which are unstable and less efficient. Here, we expand the lead acetate precursor route to form mixed A-cation perovskites, namely, formamidinium-caesium lead perovskite. High-quality large-area formamidinium-caesium mixed-cation perovskite films were produced by blade-coating a lead acetate-based precursor formulation in an ambient laboratory environment, with the use of NH4+ as a volatile cation to drive off acetate during annealing, leading to formation of PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 21.0%. Blade coated mini-modules with an aperture area of 10 cm2 displayed PCEs of up to 18.8%. The encapsulated PSCs showed excellent thermal stability, with no evidence of efficiency loss after 3300 hours at 65 °C.

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U2 - 10.1039/d2ee01634f

DO - 10.1039/d2ee01634f

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85143983045

SN - 1754-5692

VL - 16

SP - 138

EP - 147

JO - Energy & Environmental Science

JF - Energy & Environmental Science

ER -

Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors

Abstract

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Other files and links

ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science

Researchers Use Lead Acetate to Make Perovskite Cells with 21% Efficiency | Mercom India

Ammonium is the secret ingredient in stable, efficient and scalable perovskite solar cells

Researchers Develop Highly Stable Formamidinium-Cesium Perovskite Solar Cells

Cite this

Efficient and stable formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells and modules from lead acetate-based precursors

Abstract

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Projects

ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science

Press/Media

Researchers Use Lead Acetate to Make Perovskite Cells with 21% Efficiency | Mercom India

Ammonium is the secret ingredient in stable, efficient and scalable perovskite solar cells

Researchers Develop Highly Stable Formamidinium-Cesium Perovskite Solar Cells

Cite this