TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness and safety of statins on outcomes in patients with HIV infection
T2 - a systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Vigny, Njeodo Njongang
AU - Bonsu, Kwadwo Osei
AU - Kadirvelu, Amudha
N1 - Funding Information:
This article was funded by support given to Daniel Martin by the Consolidated Research Group on Marine Benthic Ecology of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Ref. 2017SGR378), the CSIC Intramural Project 201630E020, and the ongoing project ‘‘Study of natural systems affected by coastal management and infrastructure projects in the open sea’’ involving the CEAB-CSIC and CREOCEAN. João Gil was funded by a collaborative agreement signed with CREOCEAN. Daniel Martin received funds supporting the payment of the PeerJ publication fees through the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative from the CSIC Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). TotalEnergies E&P Congo partly sponsored the field surveys. Staff members of CREOCEAN participated in the study design and in sample collection cruises.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/10/27
Y1 - 2022/10/27
N2 - Statins are hypolipidaemic in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. However, their effect on all-cause mortality and rate of discontinuation is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of statins on all-cause mortality, discontinuation rates, and risk of adverse effects among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We searched four electronic databases from inception until October 2021 for trials and cohort studies evaluating the effects of statin treatment versus placebo in HIV patients. Forty-seven studies involving 91,594 patients were included. Statins were associated with significantly lower risk of discontinuation (RR, 0.701; 95% CI 0.508–0.967; p = 0.031). The risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.994; 95% CI 0.561–1.588; p = 0.827), any adverse effects (RR, 0.780; 95% CI 0.564–1.077; p = 0.131) and, diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.272; 95% CI 0.031–2.393; p = 0.241) with statin treatment were lower but not statistically significant compared to placebo/control. Statin treatment was associated with a trend of higher but statistically insignificant risk of myalgia (RR, 1.341; 95% CI 0.770–2.333; p = 0.299), elevated creatine kinase (RR, 1.101; 95% CI 0.457–2.651; p = 0.830) and liver enzyme activities (RR, 1.709; 95% CI 0.605–4.831; p = 0.312). Clinicians should consider the nocebo effect in the effective management of PLWH on statins, who present with common adverse effects such as myalgia and, elevated levels of creatine kinase and liver enzymes.
AB - Statins are hypolipidaemic in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. However, their effect on all-cause mortality and rate of discontinuation is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of statins on all-cause mortality, discontinuation rates, and risk of adverse effects among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We searched four electronic databases from inception until October 2021 for trials and cohort studies evaluating the effects of statin treatment versus placebo in HIV patients. Forty-seven studies involving 91,594 patients were included. Statins were associated with significantly lower risk of discontinuation (RR, 0.701; 95% CI 0.508–0.967; p = 0.031). The risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.994; 95% CI 0.561–1.588; p = 0.827), any adverse effects (RR, 0.780; 95% CI 0.564–1.077; p = 0.131) and, diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.272; 95% CI 0.031–2.393; p = 0.241) with statin treatment were lower but not statistically significant compared to placebo/control. Statin treatment was associated with a trend of higher but statistically insignificant risk of myalgia (RR, 1.341; 95% CI 0.770–2.333; p = 0.299), elevated creatine kinase (RR, 1.101; 95% CI 0.457–2.651; p = 0.830) and liver enzyme activities (RR, 1.709; 95% CI 0.605–4.831; p = 0.312). Clinicians should consider the nocebo effect in the effective management of PLWH on statins, who present with common adverse effects such as myalgia and, elevated levels of creatine kinase and liver enzymes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140630186&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-022-23102-2
DO - 10.1038/s41598-022-23102-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 36302940
AN - SCOPUS:85140630186
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 18121
ER -
