TY - JOUR
T1 - Dysfunctional sleep beliefs and behaviours
T2 - Psychological factors in sleep-related headaches
AU - Sullivan, Daniel P.
AU - Martin, Paul R.
AU - Boschen, Mark J.
AU - Bandarian-Balooch, Siavash
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful for the considered and constructive feedback of the two anonymous peer reviewers, whose suggestions were very helpful in revising this article.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Sleep problems are amongst the most common triggers of migraine and non-migraine primary headache. Despite a majority of sleep problems being psychological in nature, there is a paucity of quantitative research on the psychological factors involved in sleep-related headaches. This is the first study to examine the link between maladaptive sleep beliefs and headaches. 542 participants completed an online battery measuring headache, sleep, and psychological distress. Avoidance of sleep-related headache triggers was associated with more headaches, as mediated by increased sensitivity to the triggers. Sleep quality, sleep beliefs, and sleep behaviours all significantly (p < .001) correlated with headache frequency and disability, with effect sizes ranging from small (rs = 0.16) to medium (rs = 0.37). Mediation models testing the effect of sleep beliefs on headaches via sleep quality (covaried by sleep behaviours) accounted for 13% and 14% of variance in migraine and non-migraine headaches, respectively (p < .001). Avoidance of sleep-related headache triggers was shown to be associated with greater headache frequency (via increased trigger sensitivity). It is posited that maladaptive sleep beliefs and behaviours may increase headache activity by causing poor sleep quality, leading to dysregulation in brain regions shared between sleep and headaches.
AB - Sleep problems are amongst the most common triggers of migraine and non-migraine primary headache. Despite a majority of sleep problems being psychological in nature, there is a paucity of quantitative research on the psychological factors involved in sleep-related headaches. This is the first study to examine the link between maladaptive sleep beliefs and headaches. 542 participants completed an online battery measuring headache, sleep, and psychological distress. Avoidance of sleep-related headache triggers was associated with more headaches, as mediated by increased sensitivity to the triggers. Sleep quality, sleep beliefs, and sleep behaviours all significantly (p < .001) correlated with headache frequency and disability, with effect sizes ranging from small (rs = 0.16) to medium (rs = 0.37). Mediation models testing the effect of sleep beliefs on headaches via sleep quality (covaried by sleep behaviours) accounted for 13% and 14% of variance in migraine and non-migraine headaches, respectively (p < .001). Avoidance of sleep-related headache triggers was shown to be associated with greater headache frequency (via increased trigger sensitivity). It is posited that maladaptive sleep beliefs and behaviours may increase headache activity by causing poor sleep quality, leading to dysregulation in brain regions shared between sleep and headaches.
KW - Behaviour
KW - Beliefs
KW - Headaches
KW - Migraine
KW - Sleep
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129067896&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104094
DO - 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104094
M3 - Article
C2 - 35462243
AN - SCOPUS:85129067896
SN - 0005-7967
VL - 153
JO - Behaviour Research and Therapy
JF - Behaviour Research and Therapy
M1 - 104094
ER -
