Does workplace spirituality play a protective role? A study on job insecurity, perceived business uncertainty, and employee well-being in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic

Perceived business uncertainty and job insecurity depleted employees’ emotional resources, leading to increased stress. The moderating role of workplace spirituality against these demands remains underexplored in hospitality research. This study investigates whether job insecurity mediates the relationship between perceived business uncertainty and employee well-being and whether workplace spirituality moderates these relationships. Two hundred and thirty-three hospitality employees in Pakistan participated in the study. The analysis revealed perceived business uncertainty exhibited nonsignificant relationship with job insecurity and employee well-being. Job insecurity was found to adversely impact employee well-being. Furthermore, workplace spirituality was found to moderate the impact of job insecurity on employees’ well­-being.