Dimensional crossover in a strongly interacting ultracold atomic Fermi gas

We theoretically explore the crossover from three dimensions (3D) to two (2D) in a strongly interacting atomic Fermi superfluid through confining the transverse spatial dimension. Using the Gaussian pair fluctuation theory, we determine the zero-temperature equation of state and Landau critical velocity as functions of the spatial extent of the transverse dimension and interaction strength. In the presence of strong interactions, we map out a dimensional crossover diagram from the location of maximum critical velocity, which exhibits distinct dependence on the transverse dimension from 2D to quasi-2D, and to 3D. We calculate the dynamic structure factor to characterize the low-energy excitations of the system and propose that the intermediate quasi-2D regime can be experimentally probed using Bragg spectroscopy.