Dietary glycaemic index and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Potential modulation of gut microbiota

Diet therapy is often the first-line approach in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adoption of low glycaemic index (GI) diet one of the recent dietary strategies to modulate glycaemic response in individuals with T2DM. Generally, diet has strong influence on the gut microbiota, which recently have been found to be associated with insulin resistance and the inflammatory response in diabetes. The possible modulation of the gut microbiota with dietary intervention is a topic of emerging interest, with limited evidence among T2DM population. In this review, we have narrated the available evidence and discussed the current knowledge about diet manipulation associated with dietary GI in order to shape the gut microbiota. As a conclusion, we have pointed out several key research directions that may have helpful impact on diet interventions with modulation of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis and therapeutic implications in T2DM.