TY - JOUR
T1 - Development and validation of new predictive equations for the resting metabolic rate of older adults aged ≥65 y
AU - Porter, Judi
AU - Ward, Leigh C.
AU - Nguo, Kay
AU - Davidson, Zoe
AU - Gibson, Simone
AU - Prentice, Ross
AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.
AU - Truby, Helen
N1 - Funding Information:
The WHI program was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through contracts ( HHSN268201600018C , HHSN268201600001C , HHSN268201600002C , HHSN268201600003C , HHSN268201600004C , and R01 CA119171 ).This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Society for Nutrition
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Background: The aging process alters the resting metabolic rate (RMR), but it still accounts for 50%–70% of the total energy needs. The rising proportion of older adults, especially those over 80 y of age, underpins the need for a simple, rapid method to estimate the energy needs of older adults. Objectives: This research aimed to generate and validate new RMR equations specifically for older adults and to report their performance and accuracy. Methods: Data were sourced to form an international dataset of adults aged ≥65 y (n = 1686, 38.5% male) where RMR was measured using the reference method of indirect calorimetry. Multiple regression was used to predict RMR from age (y), sex, weight (kg), and height (cm). Double cross-validation in a randomized, sex-stratified, age-matched 50:50 split and leave one out cross-validation were performed. The newly generated prediction equations were compared with the existing commonly used equations. Results: The new prediction equation for males and females aged ≥65 y had an overall improved performance, albeit marginally, when compared with the existing equations. It is described as follows: RMR (kJ/d) = 31.524 × W (kg) + 25.851 × H (cm) − 24.432 × Age (y) + 486.268 × Sex (M = 1, F = 0) + 530.557. Equations stratified by age (65–79.9 y and >80 y) and sex are also provided. The newly created equation estimates RMR within a population mean prediction bias of ∼50 kJ/d (∼1%) for those aged ≥65 y. Accuracy was reduced in adults aged ≥80 y (∼100 kJ/d, ∼2%) but was still within the clinically acceptable range for both males and females. Limits of agreement indicated a poorer performance at an individual level with 1.96-SD limits of approximately ±25%. Conclusions: The new equations, using simple measures of weight, height, and age, improved the accuracy in the prediction of RMR in populations in clinical practice. However, no equation performs optimally at the individual level.
AB - Background: The aging process alters the resting metabolic rate (RMR), but it still accounts for 50%–70% of the total energy needs. The rising proportion of older adults, especially those over 80 y of age, underpins the need for a simple, rapid method to estimate the energy needs of older adults. Objectives: This research aimed to generate and validate new RMR equations specifically for older adults and to report their performance and accuracy. Methods: Data were sourced to form an international dataset of adults aged ≥65 y (n = 1686, 38.5% male) where RMR was measured using the reference method of indirect calorimetry. Multiple regression was used to predict RMR from age (y), sex, weight (kg), and height (cm). Double cross-validation in a randomized, sex-stratified, age-matched 50:50 split and leave one out cross-validation were performed. The newly generated prediction equations were compared with the existing commonly used equations. Results: The new prediction equation for males and females aged ≥65 y had an overall improved performance, albeit marginally, when compared with the existing equations. It is described as follows: RMR (kJ/d) = 31.524 × W (kg) + 25.851 × H (cm) − 24.432 × Age (y) + 486.268 × Sex (M = 1, F = 0) + 530.557. Equations stratified by age (65–79.9 y and >80 y) and sex are also provided. The newly created equation estimates RMR within a population mean prediction bias of ∼50 kJ/d (∼1%) for those aged ≥65 y. Accuracy was reduced in adults aged ≥80 y (∼100 kJ/d, ∼2%) but was still within the clinically acceptable range for both males and females. Limits of agreement indicated a poorer performance at an individual level with 1.96-SD limits of approximately ±25%. Conclusions: The new equations, using simple measures of weight, height, and age, improved the accuracy in the prediction of RMR in populations in clinical practice. However, no equation performs optimally at the individual level.
KW - anthropometric measures
KW - older adults
KW - prediction
KW - resting metabolic rate
KW - RMR
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85156108680&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.010
DO - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 37054885
AN - SCOPUS:85156108680
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 117
SP - 1164
EP - 1173
JO - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -