Development and psychometric evaluation of a postoperative quality of recovery score: The QoR-15

BACKGROUND:: Quality of recovery (QoR) after anesthesia is an important measure of the early postoperative health status of patients. The aim was to develop a short-form postoperative QoR score, and test its validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical acceptability and feasibility. METHODS:: Based on extensive clinical and research experience with the 40-item QoR-40, the strongest psychometrically performing items from each of the five dimensions of the QoR-40 were selected to create a short-form version, the QoR-15. This was then evaluated in 127 adult patients after general anesthesia and surgery. RESULTS:: There was good convergent validity between the QoR-15 and a global QoR visual analog scale (r = 0.68, P <0.0005). Construct validity was supported by a negative correlation with duration of surgery (r = -0.49, P <0.0005), time spent in the postanesthesia care unit (r = -0.41, P <0.0005), and duration of hospital stay (r = -0.53, P <0.0005). There was also excellent internal consistency (0.85), split-half reliability (0.78), and test-retest reliability (ri = 0.99), all P <0.0005. Responsiveness was excellent with an effect size of 1.35 and a standardized response mean of 1.04. The mean ? SD time to complete the QoR-15 was 2.4 ? 0.8min. CONCLUSIONS:: The QoR-15 provides a valid, extensive, and yet efficient evaluation of postoperative QoR. Copyright ? 2013, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.