TY - JOUR
T1 - Delirium screening tools in the post-anaesthetic care unit
T2 - a systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Aldwikat, Rami K.
AU - Manias, Elizabeth
AU - Tomlinson, Emily
AU - Amin, Mohammed
AU - Nicholson, Patricia
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Lisa Grbin librarian at Deakin University for her assistance with the development of the search strategy and systematic search. We also thank Susan Monaghan at the Royal Melbourne Hospital for her assistance with EndNote referencing system.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Background: Delirium is a serious neurocognitive disorder among surgical patients in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU). Despite the development of screening tools to identify delirium, it is not clear which tool is the most accurate and reliable in assessing delirium in the PACU. Aim: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of delirium screening tools used in the PACU. Methods: A systematic literature search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus was conducted, using MeSH terms and relevant keywords, from databases establishment to 23 April 2021. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) tool. Results: A total of 1503 studies were screened from the database search, four studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Six delirium screening tools used in the PACU were identified in the selected studies. Three studies evaluated screening tools in adult surgical patients without cognitive impairment and dementia. Two studies evaluated screening tools among patients who were scheduled for elective surgery. Review results indicated that two tools, the 4A’s test (4AT; sensitivity 96%; specificity 99%) and the 3 min diagnostic interview for the Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM; sensitivity 100%; specificity 88%), had greatest validity and reliability as a screening tool for detecting delirium in the PACU. Conclusion: Results indicate the 4AT and the 3D-CAM are most accurate screening tools to detect delirium in the PACU. Further research is required to validate those tools among a broader surgical population, including patients with cognitive impairment, dementia and those undergoing emergency surgical procedures.
AB - Background: Delirium is a serious neurocognitive disorder among surgical patients in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU). Despite the development of screening tools to identify delirium, it is not clear which tool is the most accurate and reliable in assessing delirium in the PACU. Aim: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of delirium screening tools used in the PACU. Methods: A systematic literature search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus was conducted, using MeSH terms and relevant keywords, from databases establishment to 23 April 2021. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) tool. Results: A total of 1503 studies were screened from the database search, four studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Six delirium screening tools used in the PACU were identified in the selected studies. Three studies evaluated screening tools in adult surgical patients without cognitive impairment and dementia. Two studies evaluated screening tools among patients who were scheduled for elective surgery. Review results indicated that two tools, the 4A’s test (4AT; sensitivity 96%; specificity 99%) and the 3 min diagnostic interview for the Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM; sensitivity 100%; specificity 88%), had greatest validity and reliability as a screening tool for detecting delirium in the PACU. Conclusion: Results indicate the 4AT and the 3D-CAM are most accurate screening tools to detect delirium in the PACU. Further research is required to validate those tools among a broader surgical population, including patients with cognitive impairment, dementia and those undergoing emergency surgical procedures.
KW - Delirium
KW - Delirium diagnosis
KW - Post-anesthetic recovery unit
KW - Screening tools
KW - Sensitivity and specificity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122214145&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40520-021-02057-w
DO - 10.1007/s40520-021-02057-w
M3 - Review Article
C2 - 34981431
AN - SCOPUS:85122214145
SN - 1594-0667
VL - 34
SP - 1225
EP - 1235
JO - Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
JF - Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
IS - 6
ER -