TY - JOUR
T1 - Deep roots for aboriginal australian y chromosomes
AU - Bergström, Anders
AU - Nagle, Nano
AU - Chen, Yuan
AU - McCarthy, Shane
AU - Pollard, Martin O.
AU - Ayub, Qasim
AU - Wilcox, Stephen
AU - Wilcox, Leah
AU - Van Oorschot, Roland A.H.
AU - McAllister, Peter
AU - Williams, Lesley
AU - Xue, Yali
AU - John Mitchell, R.
AU - Tyler-Smith, Chris
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Aboriginal Australian men and their communities for their interest and participation in this study. We thank the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Core Pipelines and NPG groups for their special efforts in arranging access to the Y chromosome data for this project. We also thank the 1000 Genomes Project consortium for sharing data and analysis strategies. The GATK3 program was made available through the generosity of Medical and Population Genetics program at the Broad Institute. Our work was supported by Wellcome Trust grant 098051.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/3/21
Y1 - 2016/3/21
N2 - Australia was one of the earliest regions outside Africa to be colonized by fully modern humans, with archaeological evidence for human presence by 47,000 years ago (47 kya) widely accepted [1, 2]. However, the extent of subsequent human entry before the European colonial age is less clear. The dingo reached Australia about 4 kya, indirectly implying human contact, which some have linked to changes in language and stone tool technology to suggest substantial cultural changes at the same time [3]. Genetic data of two kinds have been proposed to support gene flow from the Indian subcontinent to Australia at this time, as well: first, signs of South Asian admixture in Aboriginal Australian genomes have been reported on the basis of genome-wide SNP data [4]; and second, a Y chromosome lineage designated haplogroup C-, present in both India and Australia, was estimated to have a most recent common ancestor around 5 kya and to have entered Australia from India [5]. Here, we sequence 13 Aboriginal Australian Y chromosomes to re-investigate their divergence times from Y chromosomes in other continents, including a comparison of Aboriginal Australian and South Asian haplogroup C chromosomes. We find divergence times dating back to ∼50 kya, thus excluding the Y chromosome as providing evidence for recent gene flow from India into Australia.
AB - Australia was one of the earliest regions outside Africa to be colonized by fully modern humans, with archaeological evidence for human presence by 47,000 years ago (47 kya) widely accepted [1, 2]. However, the extent of subsequent human entry before the European colonial age is less clear. The dingo reached Australia about 4 kya, indirectly implying human contact, which some have linked to changes in language and stone tool technology to suggest substantial cultural changes at the same time [3]. Genetic data of two kinds have been proposed to support gene flow from the Indian subcontinent to Australia at this time, as well: first, signs of South Asian admixture in Aboriginal Australian genomes have been reported on the basis of genome-wide SNP data [4]; and second, a Y chromosome lineage designated haplogroup C-, present in both India and Australia, was estimated to have a most recent common ancestor around 5 kya and to have entered Australia from India [5]. Here, we sequence 13 Aboriginal Australian Y chromosomes to re-investigate their divergence times from Y chromosomes in other continents, including a comparison of Aboriginal Australian and South Asian haplogroup C chromosomes. We find divergence times dating back to ∼50 kya, thus excluding the Y chromosome as providing evidence for recent gene flow from India into Australia.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959135817&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.028
DO - 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.028
M3 - Article
C2 - 26923783
AN - SCOPUS:84959135817
SN - 0960-9822
VL - 26
SP - 809
EP - 813
JO - Current Biology
JF - Current Biology
IS - 6
ER -