@article{dfbcfc89a58c4efcb131dd1eabcde258,
title = "Decay of Fc-dependent antibody functions after mild to moderate COVID-19",
abstract = "The capacity of antibodies to engage with immune cells via the Fc region is important in preventing and controlling many infectious diseases. The evolution of such antibodies during convalescence from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely unknown. We develop assays to measure Fc-dependent antibody functions against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-expressing cells in serial samples from subjects primarily with mild-moderate COVID-19 up to 149 days post-infection. We find that S-specific antibodies capable of engaging Fcγ receptors decay over time, with S-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) activity within plasma declining accordingly. Although there is significant decay in ADCC and ADP activity, they remain readily detectable in almost all subjects at the last time point studied (94%) in contrast with neutralization activity (70%). Although it remains unclear the degree to which Fc effector functions contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, our results indicate that antibodies with Fc effector functions persist longer than neutralizing antibodies.",
keywords = "ADCC, ADP, antibody, convalescence, COVID-19, decay, Fc effector functions, phagocytosis, SARS-CoV-2, trogocytosis",
author = "Lee, {Wen Shi} and Selva, {Kevin John} and Davis, {Samantha K.} and Wines, {Bruce D.} and Arnold Reynaldi and Robyn Esterbauer and Kelly, {Hannah G.} and Haycroft, {Ebene R.} and Tan, {Hyon Xhi} and Juno, {Jennifer A.} and Wheatley, {Adam K.} and Hogarth, {P. Mark} and Deborah Cromer and Davenport, {Miles P.} and Chung, {Amy W.} and Kent, {Stephen J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the cohort participants for generously providing samples. We thank Francesca Mordant and Kanta Subbarao (University of Melbourne) for performing the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays. We acknowledge the Melbourne Cytometry Platform for provision of flow cytometry services. The following reagent was produced under HHSN272201400008C and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: Spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) from SARS-related coronavirus 2, Wuhan-Hu-1 with C-terminal histidine tag, recombinant from HEK293F cells, NR-52366. This study was supported by the Victorian Government , an Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund award GNT2002073 (S.J.K., M.P.D., and A.K.W.), the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology (S.J.K.), an NHMRC program grant APP1149990 (S.J.K. and M.P.D.), NHMRC project grants GNT1162760 (A.K.W.) and GNT1145303 (P.M.H. and B.D.W.), an NHMRC-EU collaborative award APP1115828 (S.J.K. and M.P.D.), the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement 681137 (S.J.K.), and Emergent Ventures Fast Grants (A.W.C.). J.A.J., A.W.C., and S.J.K. are supported by NHMRC fellowships. A.K.W., D.C., and M.P.D. are supported by NHMRC Investigator grants. Figures were created using BioRender. Funding Information: We thank the cohort participants for generously providing samples. We thank Francesca Mordant and Kanta Subbarao (University of Melbourne) for performing the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays. We acknowledge the Melbourne Cytometry Platform for provision of flow cytometry services. The following reagent was produced under HHSN272201400008C and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: Spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) from SARS-related coronavirus 2, Wuhan-Hu-1 with C-terminal histidine tag, recombinant from HEK293F cells, NR-52366. This study was supported by the Victorian Government, an Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund award GNT2002073 (S.J.K. M.P.D. and A.K.W.), the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology (S.J.K.), an NHMRC program grant APP1149990 (S.J.K. and M.P.D.), NHMRC project grants GNT1162760 (A.K.W.) and GNT1145303 (P.M.H. and B.D.W.), an NHMRC-EU collaborative award APP1115828 (S.J.K. and M.P.D.), the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement 681137 (S.J.K.), and Emergent Ventures Fast Grants (A.W.C.). J.A.J. A.W.C. and S.J.K. are supported by NHMRC fellowships. A.K.W. D.C. and M.P.D. are supported by NHMRC Investigator grants. Figures were created using BioRender. Conceptualization, W.S.L. A.K.W. M.P.D. A.W.C. and S.J.K.; methodology, W.S.L. K.J.S. S.K.D. and B.D.W.; formal analysis, W.S.L. K.J.S. S.K.D. B.D.W. A.R. D.C. M.P.D. and A.W.C.; investigation, W.S.L. K.J.S. S.K.D. B.D.W. E.R.H. and H.-X.T.; resources, R.E. H.G.K. J.A.J. and A.K.W.; writing ? original draft, W.S.L. and S.J.K.; writing ? review & editing, W.S.L. K.J.S. S.K.D. B.D.W. A.R. H.-X.T. J.A.J. A.K.W. P.M.H. D.C. M.P.D. A.W.C. and S.J.K.; supervision, A.K.W. A.W.C. and S.J.K.; funding acquisition, A.K.W. P.M.H. M.P.D. A.W.C. and S.J.K. The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s) Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100296",
language = "English",
volume = "2",
journal = "Cell Reports Medicine",
issn = "2666-3791",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "6",
}
