Cyber routine activity theory

Cyber-routine activity theory (CRAT) was developed in response to the emergence of cybercrime (ie, criminal activities conducted using computer networks or digital devices as primary tools, targets, or mediums) and the need for a theoretical framework that can explain the specific dynamics of digital criminal activity. It builds on routine activity theory (RAT), which explains the occurrence of crime as the result of criminal opportunity. According to RAT, such an opportunity presents itself when three elements converge in time and space: the presence of a motivated offender, the availability of a suitable target, and the absence of capable guardians. In essence, CRAT provides a situational explanation for cybercrime, emphasizing the interaction between motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the lack of capable guardianship in the unique environment of cyberspace.