Creating highly ordered metal, alloy, and semiconductor macrostructures by electrodeposition, ion spraying, and laser spraying

Highly ordered macroporous metal, alloy, and semiconductor films were developed using electrodepostion, ion spraying, and laser spraying methods. These techniques were used in combination with the colloid template method. Ordered layers of colloid particles were used to fabricate nanostructures. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to get images of macroporous Ni and SnCo alloy, which were prepared using the electrodepostion method. The electrodepostion time was varied to adjust thickness of films. Ionic and laser spraying were also utilized to create long range 2D macroporous metal or semiconductor films.