Course of self-reported symptoms of 342 outpatients receiving medium- versus long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy

Background: The course of self-reported symptoms during medium- versus long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy has rarely been documented for outpatient settings. This observational study describes routine practice of ambulatory treatment in Germany and explores self-reported symptoms of a broad patient sample undergoing one (medium-term) versus two years (long-term) of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Methods: Over four and a half years, longitudinal self-report symptom data were collected from 342 outpatients as part of a standardized documentation system. Self-report data were compared between patients receiving either medium-term or long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Results: Routine care significantly decreased disease burden as reported by patients by small to medium effect sizes (ES) for depression (ES=0.58), anxiety (ES=0.49), obsessive-compulsive disorder (ES=0.54), somatoform disorder (ES=0.32), eating disorder (ES=0.38). The majority of patients completed treatment after one year and showed medium-size changes. For a subgroup of patients with depressive and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms for whom two years of therapy were deemed necessary, additional benefits were reported during the second year of treatment (ES=0.61 and ES 0.47, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both medium- and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy decrease self-reported disease burden of patients with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, somatoform and/or eating disorders. For a subgroup of patients, additional benefits were gained in the second year of treatment.