Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. While the upstream signaling events initiated at the level of adaptors and the activation of the downstream signaling pathways have received a lot of attention, our understanding of how these signaling pathways are coordinated to regulate gene expression is poorly understood. This review gives a selective overview on our current understanding of signaling downstream of TLRs, with an emphasis on how the upstream kinases like the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (TAK1 and Tpl2) and inhibitor of κ-B kinase (IKK) coordinate the signaling events that steer the course of an immune response.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 420-424 |
Number of pages | 5 |
Journal | Immunology and Cell Biology |
Volume | 85 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2007 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- ERK
- Gene regulation
- NF-κB
- TLR signaling
- Tpl2