TY - JOUR
T1 - Controlled release fertilizers
T2 - A review on coating materials and mechanism of release
AU - Lawrencia, Dora
AU - Wong, See Kiat
AU - Low, Darren Yi Sern
AU - Goh, Bey Hing
AU - Goh, Joo Kheng
AU - Ruktanonchai, Uracha Rungsardthong
AU - Soottitantawat, Apinan
AU - Lee, Learn Han
AU - Tang, Siah Ying
PY - 2021/1/26
Y1 - 2021/1/26
N2 - Rising world population is expected to increase the demand for nitrogen fertilizers to improve crop yield and ensure food security. With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants. However, the most significant challenge that persists is the “tailing” effect, which reduces the economic benefits in terms of maximum fertilizer utilization. High materials cost is also a significant obstacle restraining the widespread application of CRF in agriculture. The first part of this review covers issues related to the application of conventional fertilizer and CRFs in general. In the subsequent sections, different raw materials utilized to form CRFs, focusing on inorganic and organic materials and synthetic and natural polymers alongside their physical and chemical preparation methods, are compared. Important factors affecting rate of release, mechanism of release and mathematical modelling approaches to predict nutrient release are also discussed. This review aims to provide a better overview of the developments regarding CRFs in the past ten years, and trends are identified and analyzed to provide an insight for future works in the field of agriculture.
AB - Rising world population is expected to increase the demand for nitrogen fertilizers to improve crop yield and ensure food security. With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants. However, the most significant challenge that persists is the “tailing” effect, which reduces the economic benefits in terms of maximum fertilizer utilization. High materials cost is also a significant obstacle restraining the widespread application of CRF in agriculture. The first part of this review covers issues related to the application of conventional fertilizer and CRFs in general. In the subsequent sections, different raw materials utilized to form CRFs, focusing on inorganic and organic materials and synthetic and natural polymers alongside their physical and chemical preparation methods, are compared. Important factors affecting rate of release, mechanism of release and mathematical modelling approaches to predict nutrient release are also discussed. This review aims to provide a better overview of the developments regarding CRFs in the past ten years, and trends are identified and analyzed to provide an insight for future works in the field of agriculture.
KW - Coating materials
KW - Controlled release fertilizer
KW - Mechanism
KW - Nutrients
KW - Release
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099957102&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/plants10020238
DO - 10.3390/plants10020238
M3 - Review Article
C2 - 33530608
AN - SCOPUS:85099957102
SN - 2223-7747
VL - 10
JO - Plants
JF - Plants
IS - 2
M1 - 238
ER -
