Abstract
The management and understanding of modal split between public transport (PT) modes is of interest for numerous reasons. It may, for example, be desirable to stimulate passengers to switch from crowded buses and over to higher capacity rail. This requires a good understanding of drivers of transit modal substitution. The evidence put forward in this paper is based on more than 150 empirically estimated cross elasticities between PT modes from over 20 sources collected from Australia, Europe and USA. These sources include scientifically published evidence as well as grey literature. This evidence is coded into a database from which our paper presents and analyses the available cross-PT-modal demand relations. We focus on evidence for how fares, travel time and service intervals on PT ‘mode A’ affect the demand for PT ‘mode B’. Despite generally low levels of substitution between PT modes, passengers are particularly sensitive to in-vehicle, access/egress and waiting time in choosing PT mode and less so for fare variations. In general, rail demand is less sensitive to changes in bus than bus demand is to changes in rail. We also find that peak-hour demand more markedly switches between PT modes than off-peak demand does.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Research in Transportation Economics |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 51-58 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Volume | 69 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Sep 2018 |
| Event | International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport (Thredbo) 2017 - Stockholm, Sweden Duration: 13 Aug 2017 → 17 Aug 2017 Conference number: 15th |
Publication series
| Name | Research in Transportation Economics |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| ISSN (Print) | 0739-8859 |
Conference
| Conference | International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport (Thredbo) 2017 |
|---|---|
| Country | Sweden |
| City | Stockholm |
| Period | 13/08/17 → 17/08/17 |
Keywords
- Cross-elasticity
- Demand
- Mode shift
- Passenger transport
- Substitution
Cite this
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Competition and substitution between public transport modes. / Fearnley, Nils; Currie, Graham; Flügel, Stefan; Gregersen, Fredrik A.; Killi, Marit; Toner, Jeremy; Wardman, Mark.
Research in Transportation Economics. Vol. 69 Elsevier, 2018. p. 51-58 (Research in Transportation Economics).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Paper › Other
TY - GEN
T1 - Competition and substitution between public transport modes
AU - Fearnley, Nils
AU - Currie, Graham
AU - Flügel, Stefan
AU - Gregersen, Fredrik A.
AU - Killi, Marit
AU - Toner, Jeremy
AU - Wardman, Mark
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - The management and understanding of modal split between public transport (PT) modes is of interest for numerous reasons. It may, for example, be desirable to stimulate passengers to switch from crowded buses and over to higher capacity rail. This requires a good understanding of drivers of transit modal substitution. The evidence put forward in this paper is based on more than 150 empirically estimated cross elasticities between PT modes from over 20 sources collected from Australia, Europe and USA. These sources include scientifically published evidence as well as grey literature. This evidence is coded into a database from which our paper presents and analyses the available cross-PT-modal demand relations. We focus on evidence for how fares, travel time and service intervals on PT ‘mode A’ affect the demand for PT ‘mode B’. Despite generally low levels of substitution between PT modes, passengers are particularly sensitive to in-vehicle, access/egress and waiting time in choosing PT mode and less so for fare variations. In general, rail demand is less sensitive to changes in bus than bus demand is to changes in rail. We also find that peak-hour demand more markedly switches between PT modes than off-peak demand does.
AB - The management and understanding of modal split between public transport (PT) modes is of interest for numerous reasons. It may, for example, be desirable to stimulate passengers to switch from crowded buses and over to higher capacity rail. This requires a good understanding of drivers of transit modal substitution. The evidence put forward in this paper is based on more than 150 empirically estimated cross elasticities between PT modes from over 20 sources collected from Australia, Europe and USA. These sources include scientifically published evidence as well as grey literature. This evidence is coded into a database from which our paper presents and analyses the available cross-PT-modal demand relations. We focus on evidence for how fares, travel time and service intervals on PT ‘mode A’ affect the demand for PT ‘mode B’. Despite generally low levels of substitution between PT modes, passengers are particularly sensitive to in-vehicle, access/egress and waiting time in choosing PT mode and less so for fare variations. In general, rail demand is less sensitive to changes in bus than bus demand is to changes in rail. We also find that peak-hour demand more markedly switches between PT modes than off-peak demand does.
KW - Cross-elasticity
KW - Demand
KW - Mode shift
KW - Passenger transport
KW - Substitution
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047412495&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.retrec.2018.05.005
DO - 10.1016/j.retrec.2018.05.005
M3 - Conference Paper
AN - SCOPUS:85047412495
VL - 69
T3 - Research in Transportation Economics
SP - 51
EP - 58
BT - Research in Transportation Economics
PB - Elsevier
ER -