Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia

Suzanne G. Orchard; Galina Polekhina; Joanne Ryan; Raj C. Shah; Elsdon Storey; Trevor T.J. Chong; Jessica E. Lockery; Stephanie A. Ward; Rory Wolfe; Mark R. Nelson; Christopher M. Reid; Anne M. Murray; Sara E. Espinoza; Anne B. Newman; John J. McNeil; Taya A. Collyer; Michele L. Callisaya; Robyn L. Woods; on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group

doi:10.1002/dad2.12353

Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia

Suzanne G. Orchard, Galina Polekhina, Joanne Ryan, Raj C. Shah, Elsdon Storey, Trevor T.J. Chong, Jessica E. Lockery, Stephanie A. Ward, Rory Wolfe, Mark R. Nelson, Christopher M. Reid, Anne M. Murray, Sara E. Espinoza, Anne B. Newman, John J. McNeil, Taya A. Collyer, Michele L. Callisaya, Robyn L. Woods, on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

29 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Introduction: To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Methods: Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114). Results: Over a median 4.7 years follow-up, slow gait and weak grip strength at baseline were independently associated with risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.73; and 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.50, respectively) and cognitive decline (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26–1.51; and 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.14, respectively) and when combined, were associated with 79% and 43% increase in risk of dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. Annual declines in gait and in grip over time showed similar results. Discussion: Gait speed and grip strength are low-cost markers that may be useful in the clinical setting to help identify and manage individuals at greater risk, or with early signs, of dementia, particularly when measured together. Highlights: Grip strength and gait speed are effective predictors and markers of dementia. Dementia risk is greater than cognitive decline risk with declines in gait or grip. Decline in gait speed, more so than in grip strength, predicts greater dementia risk. Greater risk prediction results from combining grip strength and gait speed.

Original language	English
Article number	e12353
Number of pages	11
Journal	Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring
Volume	14
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12353
Publication status	Published - 2022

Keywords

cognitive decline
dementia
gait speed
grip strength
motor performance
physical performance

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1002/dad2.12353Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Orchard, S. G., Polekhina, G., Ryan, J., Shah, R. C., Storey, E., Chong, T. T. J., Lockery, J. E., Ward, S. A., Wolfe, R., Nelson, M. R., Reid, C. M., Murray, A. M., Espinoza, S. E., Newman, A. B., McNeil, J. J., Collyer, T. A., Callisaya, M. L., Woods, R. L., & on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group (2022). Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, 14(1), Article e12353. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12353

@article{b86976d21a144c049df8bd9142326fd5,

title = "Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia",

abstract = "Introduction: To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Methods: Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114). Results: Over a median 4.7 years follow-up, slow gait and weak grip strength at baseline were independently associated with risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.73; and 1.24, 95\% CI: 1.04–1.50, respectively) and cognitive decline (HR = 1.38, 95\% CI: 1.26–1.51; and 1.04, 95\% CI: 0.95–1.14, respectively) and when combined, were associated with 79\% and 43\% increase in risk of dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. Annual declines in gait and in grip over time showed similar results. Discussion: Gait speed and grip strength are low-cost markers that may be useful in the clinical setting to help identify and manage individuals at greater risk, or with early signs, of dementia, particularly when measured together. Highlights: Grip strength and gait speed are effective predictors and markers of dementia. Dementia risk is greater than cognitive decline risk with declines in gait or grip. Decline in gait speed, more so than in grip strength, predicts greater dementia risk. Greater risk prediction results from combining grip strength and gait speed.",

keywords = "cognitive decline, dementia, gait speed, grip strength, motor performance, physical performance",

author = "Orchard, \{Suzanne G.\} and Galina Polekhina and Joanne Ryan and Shah, \{Raj C.\} and Elsdon Storey and Chong, \{Trevor T.J.\} and Lockery, \{Jessica E.\} and Ward, \{Stephanie A.\} and Rory Wolfe and Nelson, \{Mark R.\} and Reid, \{Christopher M.\} and Murray, \{Anne M.\} and Espinoza, \{Sara E.\} and Newman, \{Anne B.\} and McNeil, \{John J.\} and Collyer, \{Taya A.\} and Callisaya, \{Michele L.\} and Woods, \{Robyn L.\} and \{on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group\}",

note = "Funding Information: Bayer AG provided aspirin and matching placebo for ASPREE. The authors acknowledge the dedicated and skilled staff in Australia and the United States for the conduct of the trial. The authors are also most grateful to the ASPREE participants, who so willingly volunteered for this study, and the general practitioners and medical clinics who supported the participants in the ASPREE study. Finally, the authors would like to thank Dr. Kathlyn Ronaldson for her valuable assistance in proof‐reading and editing the manuscript in preparation for submission. This work was supported by grants (U01AG029824 and U19AG062682) from the National Institute on Aging and the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, by grants (334047 and 1127060) from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and by Monash University and the Victorian Cancer Agency. J.R. is funded by a NHMRC Dementia Research Leader Fellowship (APP1135727). C.M.R. is supported through a NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (APP1136372). M.C. is supported by a NHMRC Dementia Research Leader Fellowship. The funders did not play a role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, nor in the writing of or decision to submit, this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's \& Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment \& Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1002/dad2.12353",

language = "English",

volume = "14",

journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring",

issn = "2352-8729",

publisher = "John Wiley \& Sons",

number = "1",

}

Orchard, SG, Polekhina, G, Ryan, J, Shah, RC, Storey, E , Chong, TTJ, Lockery, JE, Ward, SA, Wolfe, R, Nelson, MR, Reid, CM, Murray, AM, Espinoza, SE, Newman, AB, McNeil, JJ , Collyer, TA , Callisaya, ML , Woods, RL & on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group 2022, 'Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia', Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, vol. 14, no. 1, e12353. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12353

TY - JOUR

T1 - Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia

AU - Orchard, Suzanne G.

AU - Polekhina, Galina

AU - Ryan, Joanne

AU - Shah, Raj C.

AU - Storey, Elsdon

AU - Chong, Trevor T.J.

AU - Lockery, Jessica E.

AU - Ward, Stephanie A.

AU - Wolfe, Rory

AU - Nelson, Mark R.

AU - Reid, Christopher M.

AU - Murray, Anne M.

AU - Espinoza, Sara E.

AU - Newman, Anne B.

AU - McNeil, John J.

AU - Collyer, Taya A.

AU - Callisaya, Michele L.

AU - Woods, Robyn L.

AU - on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group

N1 - Funding Information: Bayer AG provided aspirin and matching placebo for ASPREE. The authors acknowledge the dedicated and skilled staff in Australia and the United States for the conduct of the trial. The authors are also most grateful to the ASPREE participants, who so willingly volunteered for this study, and the general practitioners and medical clinics who supported the participants in the ASPREE study. Finally, the authors would like to thank Dr. Kathlyn Ronaldson for her valuable assistance in proof‐reading and editing the manuscript in preparation for submission. This work was supported by grants (U01AG029824 and U19AG062682) from the National Institute on Aging and the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, by grants (334047 and 1127060) from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and by Monash University and the Victorian Cancer Agency. J.R. is funded by a NHMRC Dementia Research Leader Fellowship (APP1135727). C.M.R. is supported through a NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (APP1136372). M.C. is supported by a NHMRC Dementia Research Leader Fellowship. The funders did not play a role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, nor in the writing of or decision to submit, this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Introduction: To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Methods: Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114). Results: Over a median 4.7 years follow-up, slow gait and weak grip strength at baseline were independently associated with risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.73; and 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.50, respectively) and cognitive decline (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26–1.51; and 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.14, respectively) and when combined, were associated with 79% and 43% increase in risk of dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. Annual declines in gait and in grip over time showed similar results. Discussion: Gait speed and grip strength are low-cost markers that may be useful in the clinical setting to help identify and manage individuals at greater risk, or with early signs, of dementia, particularly when measured together. Highlights: Grip strength and gait speed are effective predictors and markers of dementia. Dementia risk is greater than cognitive decline risk with declines in gait or grip. Decline in gait speed, more so than in grip strength, predicts greater dementia risk. Greater risk prediction results from combining grip strength and gait speed.

AB - Introduction: To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Methods: Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114). Results: Over a median 4.7 years follow-up, slow gait and weak grip strength at baseline were independently associated with risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.73; and 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.50, respectively) and cognitive decline (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26–1.51; and 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.14, respectively) and when combined, were associated with 79% and 43% increase in risk of dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. Annual declines in gait and in grip over time showed similar results. Discussion: Gait speed and grip strength are low-cost markers that may be useful in the clinical setting to help identify and manage individuals at greater risk, or with early signs, of dementia, particularly when measured together. Highlights: Grip strength and gait speed are effective predictors and markers of dementia. Dementia risk is greater than cognitive decline risk with declines in gait or grip. Decline in gait speed, more so than in grip strength, predicts greater dementia risk. Greater risk prediction results from combining grip strength and gait speed.

KW - cognitive decline

KW - dementia

KW - gait speed

KW - grip strength

KW - motor performance

KW - physical performance

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U2 - 10.1002/dad2.12353

DO - 10.1002/dad2.12353

M3 - Article

C2 - 36187193

AN - SCOPUS:85145039478

SN - 2352-8729

VL - 14

JO - Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring

JF - Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring

IS - 1

M1 - e12353

ER -

Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Comprehensive risk prediction models and presymptomatic biomarkers for dementia

ASPREE Completion Project

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aspirin in primary prevention of CVD events or dementia in the aged ID: 334047

Cite this

Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Projects

Comprehensive risk prediction models and presymptomatic biomarkers for dementia

ASPREE Completion Project

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aspirin in primary prevention of CVD events or dementia in the aged ID: 334047

Cite this