Chemotaxis movement and attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to Phalaenopsis violacea orchid tissues: An assessment of early factors influencing the efficiency of gene transfer

An early step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Phalaenopsis violacea orchid was investigated to elucidate the plant-bacterium interaction. Directed movement in response to chemical attractants is of crucial importance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. Chemotaxis of A. tumefaciens strains (EHA 101 and 105) towards wounded orchid tissues has been studied by using swarm agar plates. The results obtained indicate a minor role for chemotaxis in determining host specificity and suggest that it could not be responsible for the absence of tumourigenesis in P. violacea orchid under natural conditions. The spectrometric GUS and green fluorescent protein (GFP) assays provided information on the amount of inoculated A. tumefaciens that effectively bound to various orchid tissues. It can be concluded that, at least during the two early steps of interaction, A. tumefaciens appears to be compatible with P. violacea, indicating a potential basis for genetic transformation.