TY - JOUR
T1 - Cellulose nanocrystals to modulate the self-assembly of graphene oxide in suspension
AU - Singh Raghuwanshi, Vikram
AU - Varanasi, Swambabu
AU - Batchelor, Warren
AU - Garnier, Gil
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support is from Australian Research Council (ARC), Australian Paper, Norske Skog, Orora, and Visy through the Industry Transformation Research Hub grant IH130100016. The authors thank Dr. Md. Joynul Abedin and Prof. Mainak Majumder, Monash University for providing graphene oxide; Ragesh Prathapan for the AFM measurement; Dr. Nigel Kirby beamline scientist of SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron for assistance during measurement. Many thanks to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) for providing beamtime.
Funding Information:
Financial support is from Australian Research Council (ARC), Australian Paper, Norske Skog, Orora, and Visy through the Industry Transformation Research Hub grant IH130100016. The authors thank Dr. Md. Joynul Abedin and Prof. Mainak Majumder, Monash University for providing graphene oxide; Ragesh Prathapan for the AFM measurement; Dr. Nigel Kirby beamline scientist of SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron for assistance during measurement. Many thanks to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) for providing beamtime.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Controlling the self-assembly(SA) of cellulose nanocrystals(CNC) and graphene-oxide(GO) sheets at nanoscale is crucial for exploiting properties of both CNC and GO. The SA mechanism of GO, CNC and CNC/GO in suspension is evaluated at different concentrations and mixing ratios. SAXS determine the interparticle distance, interaction and distribution of CNC and GO to resolve the self-assembling mechanism. At lower concentrations, the GO sheets are distributed randomly and separated by a large inter-sheet distance of 83 nm with poor inter-sheet interaction. As increases the GO concentration, the inter-sheet repulsion results in a nematic arrangement with the inter-sheet distance decreasing from 83 to 52 nm. Mixing isotropic and nematic phase of CNC with GO at different CNC/GO ratio from 2 to 50 shows transitions from isotropic, to biphasic and nematic state. In isotropic state, at low CNC/GO ratio, the GO sheets are randomly distributed between the CNC rods which increases the CNC inter-rod distance from 22 to 51 nm. However, at higher CNC/GO ratios, steric repulsion from the large amount of CNC forces the GO sheets to align following the direction of CNC nematic assembly. Understanding SA mechanisms of nanostructures in CNC-GO hybrid will enable to engineer applications for sensor, electronics and diagnostics.
AB - Controlling the self-assembly(SA) of cellulose nanocrystals(CNC) and graphene-oxide(GO) sheets at nanoscale is crucial for exploiting properties of both CNC and GO. The SA mechanism of GO, CNC and CNC/GO in suspension is evaluated at different concentrations and mixing ratios. SAXS determine the interparticle distance, interaction and distribution of CNC and GO to resolve the self-assembling mechanism. At lower concentrations, the GO sheets are distributed randomly and separated by a large inter-sheet distance of 83 nm with poor inter-sheet interaction. As increases the GO concentration, the inter-sheet repulsion results in a nematic arrangement with the inter-sheet distance decreasing from 83 to 52 nm. Mixing isotropic and nematic phase of CNC with GO at different CNC/GO ratio from 2 to 50 shows transitions from isotropic, to biphasic and nematic state. In isotropic state, at low CNC/GO ratio, the GO sheets are randomly distributed between the CNC rods which increases the CNC inter-rod distance from 22 to 51 nm. However, at higher CNC/GO ratios, steric repulsion from the large amount of CNC forces the GO sheets to align following the direction of CNC nematic assembly. Understanding SA mechanisms of nanostructures in CNC-GO hybrid will enable to engineer applications for sensor, electronics and diagnostics.
KW - Cellulose nanocrystals
KW - Graphene oxide
KW - Isotropic
KW - Nematic
KW - Self-assembly
KW - Small angle X-ray scattering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126948374&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110572
DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110572
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85126948374
VL - 216
JO - Materials & Design
JF - Materials & Design
SN - 0264-1275
M1 - 110572
ER -