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Calcified plaque harboring lipidic materials associates with no-reflow phenomenon after PCI in stable CAD

Hayato Hosoda, Yu Kataoka, Stephen J. Nicholls, Rishi Puri, Kota Murai, Satoshi Kitahara, Kentaro Mitsui, Hiroki Sugane, Kenichiro Sawada, Takamasa Iwai, Hideo Matama, Satoshi Honda, Kensuke Takagi, Masashi Fujino, Shuichi Yoneda, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Itaru Takamisawa, Kensaku Nishihira, Yasuhide Asaumi, Kazuya KawaiTeruo Noguchi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

Calcified atheroma has been viewed conventionally as stable lesion which less likely increases no-reflow phenomenon. Given that lipidic materials triggers the formation of calcification, lipidic materials could exist within calcified lesion, which may cause no-reflow phenomenon after PCI. The REASSURE-NIRS registry (NCT04864171) employed near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound imaging to evaluate maximum 4-mm lipid-core burden index (maxLCBI4mm) at target lesions containing small (maximum calcification arc < 180°: n = 272) and large calcification (maximum calcification arc ≥ 180°: n = 189) in stable CAD patients. The associations of maxLCBI4mm with corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) and no-reflow phenomenon after PCI were analyzed in patients with target lesions containing small and large calcification, respectively. No-reflow phenomenon occurred in 8.0% of study population. Receiver-operating characteristics curve analyses revealed that optimal cut-off values of maxLCBI4mm for predicting no-reflow phenomenon were 585 at small calcification (AUC = 0.72, p < 0.001) and 679 at large calcification (AUC = 0.76, p = 0.001). Target lesions containing small calcification with maxLCBI4mm ≥ 585 more likely exhibited a greater CTFC (p < 0.001). In those with large calcification, 55.6% of them had maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400 [vs. 56.2% (small calcification), p = 0.82]. Furthermore, a higher CTFC (p < 0.001) was observed in association with maxLCBI4mm ≥ 679 at large calcification. On multivariable analysis, maxLCBI4mm at large calcification still independently predicted no-reflow phenomenon (OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.32–1.94, p < 0.001). MaxLCBI4mm at target lesions exhibiting large calcification elevated a risk of no-reflow phenomenon after PCI. Calcified plaque containing lipidic materials is not necessarily stable lesion, but could be active and high-risk one causing no-reflow phenomenon.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1927-1941
Number of pages15
JournalInternational Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
Volume39
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2023

Keywords

  • Calcification
  • Lipid plaque component
  • No-reflow
  • Percutaneous coronary intervention
  • Stable coronary artery disease

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