@article{a1e8ea1aaa424427bc58359dfc3e890c,
title = "Biomimetic inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles from magnesium-substituted amorphous calcium phosphate clusters and polyacrylic acid molecules",
abstract = "Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has been widely found during bone and tooth biomineralization, but the meta-stability and labile nature limit further biomedical applications. The present study found that the chelation of polyacrylic acid (PAA) molecules with Ca2+ ions in Mg-ACP clusters (~2.1 ± 0.5 nm) using a biomineralization strategy produced inorganic-organic Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles with better thermal stability. Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles (~24.0 ± 4.8 nm) were pH-responsive and could be efficiently digested under weak acidic conditions (pH 5.0–5.5). The internalization of assembled Mg-ACP/PAA nanoparticles by MC3T3-E1 cells occurred through endocytosis, indicated by laser scanning confocal microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography. Our results showed that cellular lipid membranes remained intact without pore formation after Mg-ACP/PAA particle penetration. The assembled Mg-ACP/PAA particles could be digested in cell lysosomes within 24 h under weak acidic conditions, thereby indicating the potential to efficiently deliver encapsulated functional molecules. Both the in vitro and in vivo results preliminarily demonstrated good biosafety of the inorganic-organic Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles, which may have potential for biomedical applications.",
keywords = "ACP clusters, Cellular degradation, Cryo-soft X-ray tomography, Inorganic-organic hybrid, pH responsive",
author = "Na Li and Wei Cui and Peifang Cong and Jie Tang and Yong Guan and Caihao Huang and Yunen Liu and Chengzhong Yu and Rui Yang and Xing Zhang",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China from Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFC1100502), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-JSC031) from Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province (201703031) and Shenyang Key R&D and Technology Transfer Program (Z17-7-023). We would like to thank Professor Gang Liu and Liang Chen at the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory in Hefei for help with Cryo-soft X-ray tomography experiments support. We thank Professor Bingsen Zhang and Dr. Lei Cao at Institute of Metal Research, CAS for help with TEM experiments. We also thank Professor Xuejiao Zhang at Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS, for help with RTCA experiments. We thank Dr. Chuang Zhang and Huiyao Shi at Shenyang Institute of Automation, CAS, to help with AFM analysis. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China from Ministry of Science and Technology ( 2016YFC1100502 ), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ( QYZDY-SSW-JSC031 ) from Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CAS ), Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province ( 201703031 ) and Shenyang Key R&D and Technology Transfer Program (Z17-7-023). We would like to thank Professor Gang Liu and Liang Chen at the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory in Hefei for help with Cryo-soft X-ray tomography experiments support. We thank Professor Bingsen Zhang and Dr. Lei Cao at Institute of Metal Research, CAS for help with TEM experiments. We also thank Professor Xuejiao Zhang at Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS, for help with RTCA experiments. We thank Dr. Chuang Zhang and Huiyao Shi at Shenyang Institute of Automation, CAS, to help with AFM analysis. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 [The Author/The Authors]",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.005",
language = "English",
volume = "6",
pages = "2303--2314",
journal = "Bioactive Materials",
issn = "2452-199X",
publisher = "Ke Ai Publishing Communications Ltd.",
number = "8",
}