Bio-active peptides: Role in plant growth and defense

The emerging beneficial characteristics of bio-active peptides have made them suitable candidates for a wide range of applications. While their usage as potent nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents has been well-documented, applications of bio-active peptides in addressing sustainable agricultural challenges relating to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant disease control, and nutrient use efficiency have not received much attention. Bio-active peptides are specific fragments of proteins with amino acid structures capable of enhancing molecular signaling in the rhizosphere to promote nodulation, nutrient uptake, and stress management. Bio-active peptides can be formulated with agrochemicals and assimilated through the leaf system in foliar treatments to achieve a wide range of plant benefits including coloring, nutrient delivery under drought conditions, plant health, and crop protection. Harnessing the maximum potential of bio-active peptides in sustainable agriculture is a rational contemplation, since the current years have witnessed a radical upsurge in the manufacturing scale of bio-active peptides under optimum economy. The present chapter discusses the unique potential of bio-active peptides in promoting sustainable agriculture. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of bio-active peptides in influencing plant stress relief, disease control, and nutrient assimilation efficiency and signaling routes are also elaborated. Additionally, a few advanced standpoints pertaining to optimal utilization of bio-active peptides in advancing agricultural productivity are also discussed.