@article{c8819d1096934f778b69dfc5011645b2,
title = "Associations between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in Australian Urban Settings: The Moderating Role of Diabetes Status",
abstract = "Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with lower cognitive function and diabetes in older adults, but little is known about whether diabetes status moderates the impact of TRAP on older adult cognitive function. We analysed cross-sectional data from 4141 adults who participated in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study in 2011–2012. TRAP exposure was estimated using major and minor road density within multiple residential buffers. Cognitive function was assessed with validated psychometric scales, including: California Verbal Learning Test (memory) and Symbol–Digit Modalities Test (processing speed). Diabetes status was measured using oral glucose tolerance tests. We observed positive associations of some total road density measures with memory but not processing speed. Minor road density was not associated with cognitive function, while major road density showed positive associations with memory and processing speed among larger buffers. Within a 300 m buffer, the relationship between TRAP and memory tended to be positive in controls (β = 0.005; p = 0.062), but negative in people with diabetes (β = −0.013; p = 0.026) and negatively associated with processing speed in people with diabetes only (β = −0.047; p = 0.059). Increased TRAP exposure may be positively associated with cognitive function among urban-dwelling people, but this benefit may not extend to those with diabetes.",
keywords = "air pollution, cognitive function, diabetes",
author = "Rachel Tham and Wheeler, {Amanda J.} and Alison Carver and David Dunstan and David Donaire-Gonzalez and Anstey, {Kaarin J.} and Shaw, {Jonathan E.} and Magliano, {Dianna J.} and Erika Martino and Anthony Barnett and Ester Cerin",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The AusDiab study, initiated and coordinated by the International Diabetes Institute, and subsequently coordinated by the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, gratefully acknowledges the support and assistance given by: B Atkins, B Balkau, E Barr, A Cameron, S Chadban, M de Courten, D Dunstan, A Kavanagh, D Magliano, S Murray, N Owen, K Polkinghorne, TWel-born, P Zimmet and all the study participants. Additionally, for funding or logistical support, we are grateful to: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC grants 233200 and 1007544), Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd., Alphapharm Pty Ltd., Amgen Australia, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, City Health Centre— Diabetes Service—Canberra, Department of Health and Community Services—Northern Territory, Department of Health and Human Services—Tasmania, Department of Health—New South Wales, Department of Health—Western Australia, Department of Health—South Australia, Department of Human Services—Victoria, Diabetes Australia, Diabetes Australia Northern Territory, Eli Lilly Australia, Estate of the Late Edward Wilson, GlaxoSmithKline, Jack Brockhoff Foundation, Janssen-Cilag, Kidney Health Australia, Marian and E.H. Flack Trust, Menzies Research Institute, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Pty Ltd., Pratt Foundation, Queensland Health, Roche Diagnostics Australia, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Sanofi Aventis, sanofi-synthelabo, and the Victorian Government{\textquoteright}s OIS Program. We also acknowledge the support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research. We are grateful to Karen Biddiscombe, Yih-kai Chan, Kimberley Keates, Sonia Marchionda, Hannah Richards and Mark Symmons for assisting with the literature searches and summaries of relevant systematic reviews covering the various research fields included in this study, and to David H. Lee for contributing to the computation of environmental data. Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by a program grant (“The environment, active living and cognitive health: building the evidence base”) from the Australian Catholic University (grant number ACURF18). Jonathan E. Shaw is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grant (grant number 1173952). Kaarin J. Anstey is funded by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship (grant number FL190100011). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2022",
month = jun,
doi = "10.3390/toxics10060289",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
journal = "Toxics",
issn = "2305-6304",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "6",
}