@article{d20e8d233b044bd68e14f00ecbafc6db,
title = "Associations between Smoking and Alcohol and Follicular Lymphoma Incidence and Survival: A Family-Based Case-Control Study in Australia",
abstract = "The association between smoking and alcohol consumption and follicular lymphoma (FL) incidence and clinical outcome is uncertain. We conducted a population-based family case-control study (709 cases: 490 controls) in Australia. We assessed lifetime history of smoking and recent alcohol consumption and followed-up cases (median = 83 months). We examined associations with FL risk using unconditional logistic regression and with all-cause and FL-specific mortality of cases using Cox regression. FL risk was associated with ever smoking (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.08–1.74), former smoking (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.05–1.77), smoking initiation before age 17 (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.06–2.05), the highest categories of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.04–2.01), smoking duration (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.07–2.18) and pack-years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.10–2.22). For never smokers, FL risk increased for those exposed indoors to >2 smokers during childhood (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11–3.04). For cases, current smoking and the highest categories of smoking duration and lifetime cigarette exposure were associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for current smoking and FL-specific mortality was 2.97 (95%CI = 0.91–9.72). We found no association between recent alcohol consumption and FL risk, all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed consistent evidence of an association between smoking and increased FL risk and possibly also FL-specific mortality. Strengthening anti-smoking policies and interventions may reduce the population burden of FL.",
keywords = "alcohol, follicular lymphoma, incidence, smoking, survival",
author = "Odutola, {Michael K.} and {van Leeuwen}, {Marina T.} and Jennifer Turner and Fiona Bruinsma and Seymour, {John F.} and Prince, {Henry M.} and Milliken, {Samuel T.} and Judith Trotman and Emma Verner and Campbell Tiley and Fernando Roncolato and Underhill, {Craig R.} and Opat, {Stephen S.} and Michael Harvey and Mark Hertzberg and Geza Benke and Giles, {Graham G.} and Vajdic, {Claire M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (ID 1006707). The National Health and Medical Research Council also supported M.T.v.L. (ID 1012141). M.O. is supported by a University of New South Wales International Postgraduate Award Scholarship and a Cancer Institute New South Wales Translational Cancer Research Network Ph.D. Scholarship Top-up award. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (ID 1006707). The National Health and Medical Research Council also supported M.T.v.L. (ID 1012141). M.O. is supported by a University of New South Wales International Postgraduate Award Scholarship and a Cancer Institute New South Wales Translational Cancer Research Network Ph.D. Scholarship Top-up award. We thank the study participants and the participating clinical sites and clinicians, including Duncan Carradice, Cecily Forsyth, Pauline Warburton and William Stevenson. We also thank the Victorian Cancer Registry and NSW Cancer Registry for supporting patient recruitment. We acknowledge the assistance of the AIHW Data Linkage Unit for undertaking the data linkage to the National Death Index. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2022",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/cancers14112710",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
journal = "Cancers",
issn = "2072-6694",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "11",
}
