@article{ef0c990eeb1146938ad2fb30ea878421,
title = "Anomalies in global network connectivity associated with early recovery from alcohol dependence: A network transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography study",
abstract = "Although previous research in alcohol dependent populations identified alterations within local structures of the addiction {\textquoteleft}reward{\textquoteright} circuitry, there is limited research into global features of this network, especially in early recovery. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is capable of non-invasively perturbing the brain network while electroencephalography (EEG) measures the network response. The current study is the first to apply a TMS inhibitory paradigm while utilising network science (graph theory) to quantify network anomalies associated with alcohol dependence. Eleven individuals with alcohol-dependence (ALD) in early recovery and 16 healthy controls (HC) were administered 75 single pulses and 75 paired-pulses (inhibitory paradigm) to both the left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC). For each participant, Pearson cross-correlation was applied to the EEG data and correlation matrices constructed. Global network measures (mean degree, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and global efficiency) were extracted for comparison between groups. Following administration of the inhibitory paired-pulse TMS to the left PFC, the ALD group exhibited altered mean degree, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and global efficiency compared to HC. Decreases in local efficiency increased the prediction of being in the ALD group, while all network metrics (following paired-pulse left TMS) were able to adequately discriminate between the groups. In the ALD group, reduced mean degree and global clustering was associated with increased severity of past alcohol use. Our study provides preliminary evidence of altered network topology in patients with alcohol dependence in early recovery. Network anomalies were predictive of high alcohol use and correlated with clinical features of alcohol dependence. Further research using this novel brain mapping technique may identify useful network biomarkers of alcohol dependence and recovery.",
keywords = "alcohol dependence, brain stimulation, electroencephalography, global connectivity, long-interval cortical inhibition, network analysis, transcranial magnetic stimulation",
author = "Jodie Naim-Feil and Fitzgerald, {Paul B.} and Mica Rubinson and Lubman, {Dan I.} and Sheppard, {Dianne M.} and Bradshaw, {John L.} and Nava Levit-Binnun and Elisha Moses",
note = "Funding Information: Sincere appreciation is expressed to Nigel Rogasch, Jerome Maller, Neil Bailey and Karyn Richardson for their support and contribution with recruitment and data acquisition during the study and Dominik Freche for his assistance with assessing the TMS-EEG data. Appreciation is also directed towards the Israel Science Foundation grant (No. 1169/11) for providing funding for the current study. Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the support of Erez Naim-Feil for assisting with the writing process, which greatly facilitated the publication of this manuscript during this challenging Covid-19 era. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Melbourne, as part of the Wiley - The University of Melbourne agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. Funding Information: Dr. Jodie Naim‐Feil was a recipient of the Senior Post‐doctoral Fellowship at the Weizmann Institute, the Curwen‐Lowy Post‐doctoral Fellowship and the Clore Post‐doctoral Fellowship that supported the further analysis conducted for the study. Prof. Paul B. Fitzgerald has received equipment for research from MagVenture A/S, Nexstim, Neuronetics and Brainsway Ltd and funding for research from Neuronetics. He is a founder of TMS Clinics Australia. The study was supported by Dr. Nava Levit‐Binnun's Israel Science Foundation grant (No. 1169/11) and by the National Institute of Psychobiology in Israel. Prof. Elisha Moses is supported by the Minerva Foundation (Germany) and by the Israel Science Foundation. There is no conflict of interest to declare. All of the sponsors who donated to the authors involved in the study had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Addiction Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1111/adb.13146",
language = "English",
volume = "27",
journal = "Addiction Biology",
issn = "1369-1600",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}
