An optimal probabilistic spinning reserve quantification scheme considering frequency dynamic response in smart power environment

These frequency responses in tandem with spinning reserve are a prominent problem in the future smart grid environment due to the increase of non-dispatchable energy sources. However, this new environment allows incorporating new technologies, that is, distributed energy resource (DER), energy storage systems (ESSs), and shiftable loads, to prevent emergency situations and blackouts. This paper proposes a novel, energy reserve operational scheduling method for future smart grid frequency enhancement considering wind generation, ESSs, thermal generating units, shiftable loads, and power system frequency response characteristics. The proposed method divides the reserve into two different parts, that is, active power reserve, which is responsible for smoothing the frequency fluctuations due to load variations and the second part is essential to control the frequency after large disturbances. The spinning reserve required for safe operation of the power system is determined based on a reliability criterion, that is, total expected energy not supplied (TEENS). The proposed method aims to maintain the frequency response in a stable mode by incorporating active power reserve from both generation and demand-sides. IEEE 30-bus and RTS-96 systems are utilized to verify the proposed reserve scheduling methods using GAMS programming environment. The obtained results verify the superiority and usefulness of the proposed method over others.